CPCE TEST -COUNSELOR PREPERATION COMPREHENSIVE
EXAM|QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLU-
TIONS|GRADED A+|PASS ON FIRST ATTEMPT|BRAND NEW
2026/2027 UPDATE!!!!!
According to Erickson, will is the basic strength of - ANSWER early childhood
autonomy vs. shame and doubt
Mrs. Harmon, the mother of 18-month-old Bryce, is concerned that Bryce has not learned to
speak very well. He has a
limited vocabulary and seems content to point to the things he wants. Mrs. Harmon has
read several child development
books which indicate that Bryce should be in the stage of language learning. Mrs. Harmon
fears that Bryce is not keeping up
developmentally. Based on your understanding of the timing of developmental stages, what
would be your best advice? - ANSWER c. Developmental stages can be useful guidelines,
but there is a range of normal development within stages.
Speech and language development primarily occurs during the preoperational stage of de-
velopment, which is approximately birth
to 2 years. Therefore a child at 18 months would still be within typical development.
Feelings of self-worth, confidence, and competence were considered by Maslow to be - AN-
SWER esteem needs
As Selena and her friends are walking home after school they approach a corner store and
see bags of candy and snacks on
open shelves outside the front door. A young clerk is also outside waiting for customers. As
they get closer, they see the
1
,clerk go inside the store. Selena's friends encourage her to take a bag of candy, but she re-
fuses. How would an individual in
Kohlberg's conventional stage of moral reasoning explain Selena's behavior? - ANSWER b.
Selena didn't take the candy because it belonged to someone else.
during the conventional stage of development, kids are concerned with following the rules
rigidly
In a number conservation task a set of discrete items is laid out in two rows They are first
laid out in exactly the same way,
and then one row is moved so that the items are farther apart. Typically, 3- and 4-year-olds: -
ANSWER 3-4 yr olds would see the second display as having more because they haven't
mastered the task of conservation while they are still in the preoperational stage
8. A therapist congratulates a couple every time they take turns to speak by acknowledging
how hard they are working to improve their communication skills, stating that they are doing
an excellent job. The couple's ability to take turns increases as the sessions go by. The thera-
pist's efforts to recognize this behavior seems to be operating as a form of: a. positive pun-
ishment - ANSWER POsitive reinforcement
The therapist is "adding" (reinforcement) acknowledgement in an effort to "increase" (posi-
tive) the couple's behavior.
9. Which one of the following would be an operational definition of negative reinforcement?
- ANSWER Becky does not have to do extra study time on the weekend because she got a
good mark on her exam.
Negative reinforcement is "taking away" (in this case) study time to "increase" behavior (get-
ting good grades).
2
,If someone is afraid of snakes to the point that even seeing a picture of one causes extreme
fear, a therapist might employ which classical conditioning technique? - ANSWER coun-
terconditioning
type of systematic desensitization
counterconditioning - ANSWER a behavior therapy procedure that uses classical condi-
tioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; includes
exposure therapies and aversive conditioning
As individuals enter adulthood, they move into ______________ they have the ability to per-
ceive that not everything is right or wrong, but an answer can exist based on the specific sit-
uation. - ANSWER relativistic thinking
According to William Perry, relativistic thinking is a form of thinking that increases from ado-
lescence through middle adulthood, involving awareness of positive and negative feelings
and coordination of them in to a complex, organized structure that integrates cognition with
emotion.
12. According to behaviorists, the primary determinant(s) of the development of a behavior
is/are: - ANSWER internal and external reinforcements
15. Addressing clients' past problems and issues: - ANSWER is an example of the psycho-
dynamic approach
16. Which statement accurately reflects Freud's perspective on biology? - ANSWER biol-
ogy is an important determinant of human behavior
18. Which statement most accurately reflects Adler's view of human nature? - ANSWER
a. Goal-directed behavior mitigates the influence of biological factors.
3
, i
believed that much of our behavior is driven by efforts to conquer childhood feelings of infe-
riority
Adlerian Therapy - ANSWER psychosocial-learn about attitude toward life-main goal is
confronting basic mistakes and assumption the client holds and attempting to redirect them
19. According to Adler, the major influence on the development of lifestyle is: - ANSWER
a. the composition and interaction of a person's family.
22. Gestalt therapy refers to feelings of guilt, resentment, and alienation as: - ANSWER
unfinished business
Unfinished business (Gestalt concept) - ANSWER Unexpressed feelings (such as resent-
ment, guilt, anger, grief) dating back to childhood that now interfere with effective psycho-
logical functioning; needless emotional debris that clutters present-centered awareness.
reality therapy - ANSWER treatment that emphasizes personal responsibility for actions
and their consequences
techniques used in reality therapy - ANSWER humor, skillful questioning, paradoxical
transference is NOT used in reality therapy. only used in psychodynamic.
adler contended that people only remember events consistent with their current views.
Which of the following statements is consistent with this Adlerian theory? - ANSWER b.
This limited perception strengthens people's private logic.
4
EXAM|QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLU-
TIONS|GRADED A+|PASS ON FIRST ATTEMPT|BRAND NEW
2026/2027 UPDATE!!!!!
According to Erickson, will is the basic strength of - ANSWER early childhood
autonomy vs. shame and doubt
Mrs. Harmon, the mother of 18-month-old Bryce, is concerned that Bryce has not learned to
speak very well. He has a
limited vocabulary and seems content to point to the things he wants. Mrs. Harmon has
read several child development
books which indicate that Bryce should be in the stage of language learning. Mrs. Harmon
fears that Bryce is not keeping up
developmentally. Based on your understanding of the timing of developmental stages, what
would be your best advice? - ANSWER c. Developmental stages can be useful guidelines,
but there is a range of normal development within stages.
Speech and language development primarily occurs during the preoperational stage of de-
velopment, which is approximately birth
to 2 years. Therefore a child at 18 months would still be within typical development.
Feelings of self-worth, confidence, and competence were considered by Maslow to be - AN-
SWER esteem needs
As Selena and her friends are walking home after school they approach a corner store and
see bags of candy and snacks on
open shelves outside the front door. A young clerk is also outside waiting for customers. As
they get closer, they see the
1
,clerk go inside the store. Selena's friends encourage her to take a bag of candy, but she re-
fuses. How would an individual in
Kohlberg's conventional stage of moral reasoning explain Selena's behavior? - ANSWER b.
Selena didn't take the candy because it belonged to someone else.
during the conventional stage of development, kids are concerned with following the rules
rigidly
In a number conservation task a set of discrete items is laid out in two rows They are first
laid out in exactly the same way,
and then one row is moved so that the items are farther apart. Typically, 3- and 4-year-olds: -
ANSWER 3-4 yr olds would see the second display as having more because they haven't
mastered the task of conservation while they are still in the preoperational stage
8. A therapist congratulates a couple every time they take turns to speak by acknowledging
how hard they are working to improve their communication skills, stating that they are doing
an excellent job. The couple's ability to take turns increases as the sessions go by. The thera-
pist's efforts to recognize this behavior seems to be operating as a form of: a. positive pun-
ishment - ANSWER POsitive reinforcement
The therapist is "adding" (reinforcement) acknowledgement in an effort to "increase" (posi-
tive) the couple's behavior.
9. Which one of the following would be an operational definition of negative reinforcement?
- ANSWER Becky does not have to do extra study time on the weekend because she got a
good mark on her exam.
Negative reinforcement is "taking away" (in this case) study time to "increase" behavior (get-
ting good grades).
2
,If someone is afraid of snakes to the point that even seeing a picture of one causes extreme
fear, a therapist might employ which classical conditioning technique? - ANSWER coun-
terconditioning
type of systematic desensitization
counterconditioning - ANSWER a behavior therapy procedure that uses classical condi-
tioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; includes
exposure therapies and aversive conditioning
As individuals enter adulthood, they move into ______________ they have the ability to per-
ceive that not everything is right or wrong, but an answer can exist based on the specific sit-
uation. - ANSWER relativistic thinking
According to William Perry, relativistic thinking is a form of thinking that increases from ado-
lescence through middle adulthood, involving awareness of positive and negative feelings
and coordination of them in to a complex, organized structure that integrates cognition with
emotion.
12. According to behaviorists, the primary determinant(s) of the development of a behavior
is/are: - ANSWER internal and external reinforcements
15. Addressing clients' past problems and issues: - ANSWER is an example of the psycho-
dynamic approach
16. Which statement accurately reflects Freud's perspective on biology? - ANSWER biol-
ogy is an important determinant of human behavior
18. Which statement most accurately reflects Adler's view of human nature? - ANSWER
a. Goal-directed behavior mitigates the influence of biological factors.
3
, i
believed that much of our behavior is driven by efforts to conquer childhood feelings of infe-
riority
Adlerian Therapy - ANSWER psychosocial-learn about attitude toward life-main goal is
confronting basic mistakes and assumption the client holds and attempting to redirect them
19. According to Adler, the major influence on the development of lifestyle is: - ANSWER
a. the composition and interaction of a person's family.
22. Gestalt therapy refers to feelings of guilt, resentment, and alienation as: - ANSWER
unfinished business
Unfinished business (Gestalt concept) - ANSWER Unexpressed feelings (such as resent-
ment, guilt, anger, grief) dating back to childhood that now interfere with effective psycho-
logical functioning; needless emotional debris that clutters present-centered awareness.
reality therapy - ANSWER treatment that emphasizes personal responsibility for actions
and their consequences
techniques used in reality therapy - ANSWER humor, skillful questioning, paradoxical
transference is NOT used in reality therapy. only used in psychodynamic.
adler contended that people only remember events consistent with their current views.
Which of the following statements is consistent with this Adlerian theory? - ANSWER b.
This limited perception strengthens people's private logic.
4
