TCDHA COMPREHENSIVE EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Preganglionic = long
Postganlionic = short
where? - ✔✔PANS
✔✔PANS stimulates circular muscles of eye, producing constricted pupil - ✔✔Miosis
✔✔SANS stimulates radial muscles of eye, producing dilated pupil - ✔✔mydriasis
✔✔The space between the preganglionic and postganglionic fibers is ? - ✔✔synapse
area
✔✔In an assessment of drug action for a certain therapeutic agent, results indicate that
the ED50 is 20 mg/kg, and the LD50 is 400 mg/kg.
What is the therapeutic index for this agent? - ✔✔20
✔✔medication for anti cough? - ✔✔dextromethorphan
✔✔Idiosyncrasy - ✔✔Neither a side effect nor an allergic reaction. May be genetically
determined
✔✔allergic reaction TYPE IV - ✔✔delayed hypersensitivity reaction. ex;poisen ivy
✔✔allergic reaction TYPE III - ✔✔immune complex
✔✔allergic reaction TYPE II - ✔✔cytotoxic/cytolytic
✔✔allergic reaction TYPE I - ✔✔immediate
✔✔the most critical time for teratogenicity - ✔✔Early in pregnancy (first trimester)
✔✔drug allergy - ✔✔neither predictable or dose-related
✔✔side effect - ✔✔dose-related, predictable and acts on non target organs
✔✔toxic reaction - ✔✔predictable, dose-related, acts on target organs
✔✔What are Transdermal Patches? - ✔✔Designed to provide continuous controlled
release of medication through a semipermeable membrane over a given period after
application of drug to the intact skin - eliminates the need for repeated oral dosing.
, ✔✔FIRST-PASS EFFECT - ✔✔when drugs given orally, they pass through the hepatic
(liver) portal circulation which can inactivate some drugs
✔✔what organ is involved in first-pass effect - ✔✔Liver
✔✔oral administration advantages - ✔✔simplest way to introduce drug into system,
safest, least expensive, most convenient
✔✔main excretion route - ✔✔Kidney
✔✔ACTIVE TO INACTIVE metabolism - ✔✔most common, drugs go into body active,
are biotransformed in liver and come out inactive
✔✔INACTIVE TO ACTIVE metabolism - ✔✔go into body inactive (termed prodrug), are
biotransformed in liver and come out active
✔✔ACTIVE TO ACTIVE metabolism - ✔✔go into body active, are biotransformed in
liver and come out active in another form (gives prolonged effect)
✔✔Distribution occurs when? - ✔✔a drug moves to various sites in the body, including
its site of action in specific tissues
✔✔When the acidity of the tissue ↑, (as in instances of infection), the effect of a local
anesthetic ↓
Therefore, the local anesthetic is a - ✔✔weak base
✔✔factors all aid (speed up) in the rate of transfer across membranes - ✔✔Non-ionized
or uncharged, Lipid-soluble, pH↑
✔✔Passive Transfer - ✔✔is simple diffusion
✔✔Active Transfer - ✔✔the substance is transported against a concentration gradient
or an electrochemical gradient
✔✔Facilitated Diffusion - ✔✔does NOT move across a concentration gradient
✔✔PHARMACOKINETICS - ✔✔The study of how a drug enters the body, circulates
within the body, is changed by the body and leaves the body
✔✔Lethal Dose (LD) - ✔✔median lethal dose when one half of the subjects die
✔✔Efficacy - ✔✔maximum intensity of effect or response that can be produced by a
drug
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Preganglionic = long
Postganlionic = short
where? - ✔✔PANS
✔✔PANS stimulates circular muscles of eye, producing constricted pupil - ✔✔Miosis
✔✔SANS stimulates radial muscles of eye, producing dilated pupil - ✔✔mydriasis
✔✔The space between the preganglionic and postganglionic fibers is ? - ✔✔synapse
area
✔✔In an assessment of drug action for a certain therapeutic agent, results indicate that
the ED50 is 20 mg/kg, and the LD50 is 400 mg/kg.
What is the therapeutic index for this agent? - ✔✔20
✔✔medication for anti cough? - ✔✔dextromethorphan
✔✔Idiosyncrasy - ✔✔Neither a side effect nor an allergic reaction. May be genetically
determined
✔✔allergic reaction TYPE IV - ✔✔delayed hypersensitivity reaction. ex;poisen ivy
✔✔allergic reaction TYPE III - ✔✔immune complex
✔✔allergic reaction TYPE II - ✔✔cytotoxic/cytolytic
✔✔allergic reaction TYPE I - ✔✔immediate
✔✔the most critical time for teratogenicity - ✔✔Early in pregnancy (first trimester)
✔✔drug allergy - ✔✔neither predictable or dose-related
✔✔side effect - ✔✔dose-related, predictable and acts on non target organs
✔✔toxic reaction - ✔✔predictable, dose-related, acts on target organs
✔✔What are Transdermal Patches? - ✔✔Designed to provide continuous controlled
release of medication through a semipermeable membrane over a given period after
application of drug to the intact skin - eliminates the need for repeated oral dosing.
, ✔✔FIRST-PASS EFFECT - ✔✔when drugs given orally, they pass through the hepatic
(liver) portal circulation which can inactivate some drugs
✔✔what organ is involved in first-pass effect - ✔✔Liver
✔✔oral administration advantages - ✔✔simplest way to introduce drug into system,
safest, least expensive, most convenient
✔✔main excretion route - ✔✔Kidney
✔✔ACTIVE TO INACTIVE metabolism - ✔✔most common, drugs go into body active,
are biotransformed in liver and come out inactive
✔✔INACTIVE TO ACTIVE metabolism - ✔✔go into body inactive (termed prodrug), are
biotransformed in liver and come out active
✔✔ACTIVE TO ACTIVE metabolism - ✔✔go into body active, are biotransformed in
liver and come out active in another form (gives prolonged effect)
✔✔Distribution occurs when? - ✔✔a drug moves to various sites in the body, including
its site of action in specific tissues
✔✔When the acidity of the tissue ↑, (as in instances of infection), the effect of a local
anesthetic ↓
Therefore, the local anesthetic is a - ✔✔weak base
✔✔factors all aid (speed up) in the rate of transfer across membranes - ✔✔Non-ionized
or uncharged, Lipid-soluble, pH↑
✔✔Passive Transfer - ✔✔is simple diffusion
✔✔Active Transfer - ✔✔the substance is transported against a concentration gradient
or an electrochemical gradient
✔✔Facilitated Diffusion - ✔✔does NOT move across a concentration gradient
✔✔PHARMACOKINETICS - ✔✔The study of how a drug enters the body, circulates
within the body, is changed by the body and leaves the body
✔✔Lethal Dose (LD) - ✔✔median lethal dose when one half of the subjects die
✔✔Efficacy - ✔✔maximum intensity of effect or response that can be produced by a
drug
