PATH 3100 Exam 4. Newest 2026-2027.
Questions and Correct Answers.
Graded A
"P" fimbriae - ANSfilamentous surface structures that attach to receptors on
uroepithelial cells
"Yeast infections" - ANSDermatophyte fungi (keratinized layers of skin,
inflammatory/delayed hypersensitivity response causes reaction
Dermatophytes: Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton
Candida albicans (most common "yeast infection", recurrent/chronic,
treatment is topical antifungals and systemic antifungals if severe)
"Diaper rash"
Intertrigo
Thrush
Acne - ANSinflammation of hair follicles and associated sebaceous glands
Propionibacterium acnes (multiplies behind/within sebum trapped in
follicles/glands)
Hormonal influences, organic acids produces by P. acnes contribute
Adult men host factors - ANSage, prostate disease
1
,Adult women host factors - ANSshort urethra, urethral colonization, sexual
intercourse, diaphragm use, use of spermicides, pregnancy, menopause
Antigenic drift - ANSrandom process of accumulation of mutations in viral
genes
Antigenic shift - ANSwhen 2 different strains of influenza combine to form a
new subtype having a mixture of the surface antigens from the two original
strains (responsible for pandemics)
Aseptic meningitis - ANSclinical and lab features of meningeal inflammation
with negative bacterial cultures
1. "septic": bacterial
2. "aseptic": may be viral, mycobacterial, fungal, noninfectious
Asymptomatic/Uncomplicated UTI - ANSinfection in structurally and
neurologically normal urinary tract
Bacteremia - ANSthe presence of viable bacteria in the blood, can occur
without symptoms
Bacterial factors or Virulence Factors - ANS"P" fimbriae, hemolysins,
motility, adhesions, toxins, and polysaccharide capsules
Bacterial vaginosis - ANSGardnerella vaginalis, Candida spp, Trichomonas
vaginalis, Anaerobes, Ureaplasma spp, Mycoplasma spp
2
, Abnormal vaginal discharge and homogenous white discharge and "fishy"
odor
Incubation time: 12 hours-5 days
Diagnosis: clinical with confirmatory tests, "Clue cells" in gram stain,
vaginal fluid pH > 4.5, amine odor with KOH
Treatment: metronidazole non-pregnant and pregnant (7 days)
Bacteriuria - ANSbacteria in urine (uropathogens)
Candida albicans - ANSmost common yeast isolated, oral flora of
gastrointestinal, urinary, and respiratory tracts, "opportunist" causes thrush,
vaginitis, cutaneous, systemic infections, immunocompromised patients are
susceptible
CAP - ANSCommunity acquired pneumonia
Carbuncle - ANSmulticoated abcess
Spread of infection to subcutaneous tissue
Staph. aureus
Treatment: incision and drainage
Cellulitis - ANSSubcutaneous tissue
3
Questions and Correct Answers.
Graded A
"P" fimbriae - ANSfilamentous surface structures that attach to receptors on
uroepithelial cells
"Yeast infections" - ANSDermatophyte fungi (keratinized layers of skin,
inflammatory/delayed hypersensitivity response causes reaction
Dermatophytes: Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton
Candida albicans (most common "yeast infection", recurrent/chronic,
treatment is topical antifungals and systemic antifungals if severe)
"Diaper rash"
Intertrigo
Thrush
Acne - ANSinflammation of hair follicles and associated sebaceous glands
Propionibacterium acnes (multiplies behind/within sebum trapped in
follicles/glands)
Hormonal influences, organic acids produces by P. acnes contribute
Adult men host factors - ANSage, prostate disease
1
,Adult women host factors - ANSshort urethra, urethral colonization, sexual
intercourse, diaphragm use, use of spermicides, pregnancy, menopause
Antigenic drift - ANSrandom process of accumulation of mutations in viral
genes
Antigenic shift - ANSwhen 2 different strains of influenza combine to form a
new subtype having a mixture of the surface antigens from the two original
strains (responsible for pandemics)
Aseptic meningitis - ANSclinical and lab features of meningeal inflammation
with negative bacterial cultures
1. "septic": bacterial
2. "aseptic": may be viral, mycobacterial, fungal, noninfectious
Asymptomatic/Uncomplicated UTI - ANSinfection in structurally and
neurologically normal urinary tract
Bacteremia - ANSthe presence of viable bacteria in the blood, can occur
without symptoms
Bacterial factors or Virulence Factors - ANS"P" fimbriae, hemolysins,
motility, adhesions, toxins, and polysaccharide capsules
Bacterial vaginosis - ANSGardnerella vaginalis, Candida spp, Trichomonas
vaginalis, Anaerobes, Ureaplasma spp, Mycoplasma spp
2
, Abnormal vaginal discharge and homogenous white discharge and "fishy"
odor
Incubation time: 12 hours-5 days
Diagnosis: clinical with confirmatory tests, "Clue cells" in gram stain,
vaginal fluid pH > 4.5, amine odor with KOH
Treatment: metronidazole non-pregnant and pregnant (7 days)
Bacteriuria - ANSbacteria in urine (uropathogens)
Candida albicans - ANSmost common yeast isolated, oral flora of
gastrointestinal, urinary, and respiratory tracts, "opportunist" causes thrush,
vaginitis, cutaneous, systemic infections, immunocompromised patients are
susceptible
CAP - ANSCommunity acquired pneumonia
Carbuncle - ANSmulticoated abcess
Spread of infection to subcutaneous tissue
Staph. aureus
Treatment: incision and drainage
Cellulitis - ANSSubcutaneous tissue
3
