CPAER CANADA COMMERCIAL PILOT 2026 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Describe what happens to the ASI when the Pitot tube opening and drain hole are
blocke but the static port remains open? - ✔✔The Ram Pressure gets trapped so ASI
will freeze. However, if you climb the air will get thinner and your ASI will increase. The
opposite happens if you descend.
✔✔Describe what happens if both the Pitot Tube (All holes) and the Static Port gets
blocked with Ice - ✔✔Everything will freeze
✔✔What does WAM mean? - ✔✔Weight X Arm = Moment
✔✔For W&B questions on the exam, it is better to
a. draw out a table and use the WAM formula to determine the Moment
b. Use the Chart to determine the Moment - ✔✔Draw out a table. This will save time
and provide more exact CG calculations
✔✔What does IWAM mean? - ✔✔Item Weight Arm Moment
✔✔What is the best way to Interpolate between two numbers - ✔✔sum the total and
divide by 2
✔✔What causes wind? - ✔✔horizontal differences in air pressure
✔✔What is an Isothermal layer? - ✔✔A vertical column of air having a constant
temperature with height.
✔✔List and describe 5 lifting agents - ✔✔1. Orographic Lift- Air moving up mountains
(ie: Appalachian)
2. Frontal Iift- Cold front pushes warm air up
3. Convergence- In the center of a low pressure area winds converge and rise.
4. Convective lift-Sun heats the earth making air rise. If air is stable fair weather
cumulus clouds will be created. If air is unstable convection will lead to CB and TS
5. Mechanical Turbulence
✔✔(T or F) Air usually flows smoothly up a mountain side? - ✔✔T
✔✔Are winds named from where they are going or where they are coming from? eg:
Sea Breeze - ✔✔Where they originated from.
✔✔When does wind tend to go from Land to water? Why? - ✔✔At night because the
ground cools quicker than water. And wind goes from the High Pressure (Colder) to the
low Pressure (Warmer)
,✔✔When does wind tend to go from water to land? Why? - ✔✔During the day because
the ground warms up quicker than water. And wind goes from the High Pressure
(Colder) to the low Pressure (Warmer)
✔✔Why does Wind flow counter-clockwise around a Low Pressure and Clockwise
around a high pressure (in the Northern Hemisphere) - ✔✔Due to the Coriolis Effect.
✔✔What type of precipitation could indicate freezing rain at a higher altitude? - ✔✔Ice
Pellets
✔✔What moves faster (Warm front or Cold Front)? - ✔✔Cold Front
✔✔In regards to pressure and wind, what happens as a front approaches and passes? -
✔✔Pressure Falls before Frontal Passage then rises suddenly during frontal passage
and wind veers.
✔✔What cloud type is usually associated with the passage of a warm front? -
✔✔Stratus (ST) or Nimbo Stratus (NS)
✔✔What happens to the dew point as a
A: Cold Front passes
B: Warm Front passes - ✔✔Cold Front passage= Sharp Drop (just like the temp)
Warm Front passage= Dew point remains steady
✔✔As a cold front passes what happens (Winds, Temp, Pressure, Precip, visibility,
dewpoint) - ✔✔Winds=Gusting, Veer and increase
Temp= sudden drop
Pressure= Sharp rise
Clouds= CB
Percip= Formed by warm air expanding as it is lifted by the advancing cold air. Results
in SH+, TR, GR
Visibility= Poor but improving
Dew Point= Sharp Drop
✔✔As a warm front passes what happens (Winds, Temp, Pressure, Precip, visibility,
dewpoint) - ✔✔Winds= Variable and veers
Temp= steady rise
pressure= leveling off
clouds= ST NS
Precip= DZ or none
Visibility= poor but improving
Dew Point= steady
, ✔✔Describe the stages of a Thunderstorm - ✔✔1. Cumulus or Developing stage:
Dominated by updrafts
2. Mature Stage: Updrafts and downdrafts
3. Dissipating Stage-Downdraft dominated
✔✔Describe the Cumulus Stage of a thunderstorm. - ✔✔1. As water vapor condenses
into liquid, latent heat is released which warms the air at a fast rate than surrounding air.
2. updrafts hold the water droplets and ice crystals so rain is unable to fall
3. Some updrafts can reach up to 45 MPH
✔✔Describe the mature Stage of a thunderstorm. - ✔✔1. The warmer air continues to
rise until it reaches the tropopause where it spreads out horizontally creating the anvil
shape.
2. Water droplets coalesce into larger heavier droplets and freeze to become ice
particles. As they fall the melt to becomes rain.
3. Updrafts can reach 65 MPH or 6000 FPM
4. Down drafts and updrafts occur at this stage
5. This is the most intense part of the storm (Precip, tb, Thunder and lightning).
✔✔Describe the dissipating Stage of a thunderstorm. - ✔✔1. Predominately downdrafts
2. Microburst
3. downdraft will cut off the inflow of updrafts those dissipating the storm.
✔✔Is it possible to tell how sever a Thunderstorm is by looking at it? - ✔✔No, The
visible thunderstorm cloud is only a portion of a turbulent system of updrafts and
downdrafts. As such Severe (plane breaking) TB can extend up to 20 NM from a
Thunderstorm.
✔✔How far must you fly from a Thunderstorm? - ✔✔20 NM
✔✔How far from a thunderstorm can you expect deadly Microbusts? - ✔✔10 NM
✔✔What are some things you should do if you enter a Thunderstorm inadvertently. -
✔✔1. prep AC: Tighten Seatbelt and secure lose objects turn off auto pilot, turn on Pitot
heat and carb heat, turn up interior lighting.
2. Don't try to turn around, just fly straight or alter heading to the right a little to take
advantage of cyclonic tail winds.
3. focus on attitude not altitude (let ac Ride the waves).
✔✔Aspects of a Tornado (5 notes) - ✔✔1. It is rotating funnel shape cloud linking the
ground to a thunderstorm or CB (Sometimes TCU).
2. Mammatus clouds are telltale signs that a funnel cloud is forming.
3. Average forward speed is 30 MPH
4. Wind Speed in a tornado is 40-280 mph.
5. Typically they form after the heavy rain of a TS
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Describe what happens to the ASI when the Pitot tube opening and drain hole are
blocke but the static port remains open? - ✔✔The Ram Pressure gets trapped so ASI
will freeze. However, if you climb the air will get thinner and your ASI will increase. The
opposite happens if you descend.
✔✔Describe what happens if both the Pitot Tube (All holes) and the Static Port gets
blocked with Ice - ✔✔Everything will freeze
✔✔What does WAM mean? - ✔✔Weight X Arm = Moment
✔✔For W&B questions on the exam, it is better to
a. draw out a table and use the WAM formula to determine the Moment
b. Use the Chart to determine the Moment - ✔✔Draw out a table. This will save time
and provide more exact CG calculations
✔✔What does IWAM mean? - ✔✔Item Weight Arm Moment
✔✔What is the best way to Interpolate between two numbers - ✔✔sum the total and
divide by 2
✔✔What causes wind? - ✔✔horizontal differences in air pressure
✔✔What is an Isothermal layer? - ✔✔A vertical column of air having a constant
temperature with height.
✔✔List and describe 5 lifting agents - ✔✔1. Orographic Lift- Air moving up mountains
(ie: Appalachian)
2. Frontal Iift- Cold front pushes warm air up
3. Convergence- In the center of a low pressure area winds converge and rise.
4. Convective lift-Sun heats the earth making air rise. If air is stable fair weather
cumulus clouds will be created. If air is unstable convection will lead to CB and TS
5. Mechanical Turbulence
✔✔(T or F) Air usually flows smoothly up a mountain side? - ✔✔T
✔✔Are winds named from where they are going or where they are coming from? eg:
Sea Breeze - ✔✔Where they originated from.
✔✔When does wind tend to go from Land to water? Why? - ✔✔At night because the
ground cools quicker than water. And wind goes from the High Pressure (Colder) to the
low Pressure (Warmer)
,✔✔When does wind tend to go from water to land? Why? - ✔✔During the day because
the ground warms up quicker than water. And wind goes from the High Pressure
(Colder) to the low Pressure (Warmer)
✔✔Why does Wind flow counter-clockwise around a Low Pressure and Clockwise
around a high pressure (in the Northern Hemisphere) - ✔✔Due to the Coriolis Effect.
✔✔What type of precipitation could indicate freezing rain at a higher altitude? - ✔✔Ice
Pellets
✔✔What moves faster (Warm front or Cold Front)? - ✔✔Cold Front
✔✔In regards to pressure and wind, what happens as a front approaches and passes? -
✔✔Pressure Falls before Frontal Passage then rises suddenly during frontal passage
and wind veers.
✔✔What cloud type is usually associated with the passage of a warm front? -
✔✔Stratus (ST) or Nimbo Stratus (NS)
✔✔What happens to the dew point as a
A: Cold Front passes
B: Warm Front passes - ✔✔Cold Front passage= Sharp Drop (just like the temp)
Warm Front passage= Dew point remains steady
✔✔As a cold front passes what happens (Winds, Temp, Pressure, Precip, visibility,
dewpoint) - ✔✔Winds=Gusting, Veer and increase
Temp= sudden drop
Pressure= Sharp rise
Clouds= CB
Percip= Formed by warm air expanding as it is lifted by the advancing cold air. Results
in SH+, TR, GR
Visibility= Poor but improving
Dew Point= Sharp Drop
✔✔As a warm front passes what happens (Winds, Temp, Pressure, Precip, visibility,
dewpoint) - ✔✔Winds= Variable and veers
Temp= steady rise
pressure= leveling off
clouds= ST NS
Precip= DZ or none
Visibility= poor but improving
Dew Point= steady
, ✔✔Describe the stages of a Thunderstorm - ✔✔1. Cumulus or Developing stage:
Dominated by updrafts
2. Mature Stage: Updrafts and downdrafts
3. Dissipating Stage-Downdraft dominated
✔✔Describe the Cumulus Stage of a thunderstorm. - ✔✔1. As water vapor condenses
into liquid, latent heat is released which warms the air at a fast rate than surrounding air.
2. updrafts hold the water droplets and ice crystals so rain is unable to fall
3. Some updrafts can reach up to 45 MPH
✔✔Describe the mature Stage of a thunderstorm. - ✔✔1. The warmer air continues to
rise until it reaches the tropopause where it spreads out horizontally creating the anvil
shape.
2. Water droplets coalesce into larger heavier droplets and freeze to become ice
particles. As they fall the melt to becomes rain.
3. Updrafts can reach 65 MPH or 6000 FPM
4. Down drafts and updrafts occur at this stage
5. This is the most intense part of the storm (Precip, tb, Thunder and lightning).
✔✔Describe the dissipating Stage of a thunderstorm. - ✔✔1. Predominately downdrafts
2. Microburst
3. downdraft will cut off the inflow of updrafts those dissipating the storm.
✔✔Is it possible to tell how sever a Thunderstorm is by looking at it? - ✔✔No, The
visible thunderstorm cloud is only a portion of a turbulent system of updrafts and
downdrafts. As such Severe (plane breaking) TB can extend up to 20 NM from a
Thunderstorm.
✔✔How far must you fly from a Thunderstorm? - ✔✔20 NM
✔✔How far from a thunderstorm can you expect deadly Microbusts? - ✔✔10 NM
✔✔What are some things you should do if you enter a Thunderstorm inadvertently. -
✔✔1. prep AC: Tighten Seatbelt and secure lose objects turn off auto pilot, turn on Pitot
heat and carb heat, turn up interior lighting.
2. Don't try to turn around, just fly straight or alter heading to the right a little to take
advantage of cyclonic tail winds.
3. focus on attitude not altitude (let ac Ride the waves).
✔✔Aspects of a Tornado (5 notes) - ✔✔1. It is rotating funnel shape cloud linking the
ground to a thunderstorm or CB (Sometimes TCU).
2. Mammatus clouds are telltale signs that a funnel cloud is forming.
3. Average forward speed is 30 MPH
4. Wind Speed in a tornado is 40-280 mph.
5. Typically they form after the heavy rain of a TS
