CPAER CANADA COMMERCIAL PILOT UPDATED
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SURE A+
✔✔How many hours can a pilot fly in 7 Consecutive days in air taxi ops? - ✔✔60
✔✔Describe the maximum flight time limits for Air Taxi ops - ✔✔1. 1200 hours per 365
days
2. 300 hours per 90 days
3. 120 hours per 30 days
4. 60 hours per 7 days
5. 8 hours per 24 hours (For single pilot IFR)
6. 14 hours per 24 hours
✔✔Daily flight time may be extended up to how many hours under what circumstance?
- ✔✔3 hours if unforeseen operational circumstances occur
✔✔Jet streams develop more readily when the structure of the atmosphere below
features - ✔✔strong horizontal temperature gradients and abrupt change in tropopause
height.
✔✔When converting from true course to magnetic heading, a pilot should remember... -
✔✔East is least and west is best
✔✔When converting from magnetic heading to a true course , a pilot should _________
for easterly headings and __________ for westerly headings. - ✔✔Add for East and
Subtract for West.
✔✔When Reading winds the heading will be ___________ and when hearing the winds
on AWOS/ATIS it will be ________ - ✔✔True, Magnetic
✔✔Describe the 1 in 60 rule - ✔✔It is a rule of thumb which states that if a pilot is one
mile off track after 60 miles than they are one degree off track.
✔✔After 30 miles you realize you are two miles off track. how many degrees from the
original heading should you correct your track? - ✔✔8 degrees. Using the Rule of 1 in
60 you determine you are 4 degrees off track. To correct this, you must double the
degrees.
✔✔Using the Rule of 1 and 60 what calculation should you use to determine how many
degrees you are off track? - ✔✔(Miles off track/Miles Flown) X 60
,✔✔The (large font) figure on a VNC and a Lo Chart that represents the lowest Safes
altitude is known as the
A. Minimum Terrain Clearance altitude
B. Area Minimum Altitude
C. Lowest Safe altitude - ✔✔B
✔✔How do you determine the correct bank angle to perform a rate one turn? - ✔✔15%
of KAS = Bank Angle
✔✔Describe how to do a VOT VOR Test - ✔✔Select OBS to 360° with a FROM flag
and the CDI should be within 4° of
the centre. Select OBS to 180° with a TO flag and the CDI should be within 4° of the
centre.
✔✔What are the VFR minimums in uncontrolled Airspace? - ✔✔Below 1,000 AGL=
Clear of clouds, 2 SM (3 at night)
Above 1,000 AGL= 500' below clouds, 2,000' horizontally, 2 SM (3 at night).
✔✔What are the VFR minimums for class B,C,D,E? - ✔✔(315) 3 SM Vis., 1 SM
between clouds, 500' below clouds
✔✔Describe Radiation Fog - ✔✔Radiation Fog: Results when cooling of earth's surface
reduce air near the ground to its dew point on clear, calm nights
✔✔What type of Front moves faster (Cold or warm) and why? - ✔✔Cold because the air
is more dense.
✔✔Describe an upper cold front (trowal) - ✔✔This occurs when very cold continental
arctic air is lying stagnant then less cold air but still cold are (such as a arctic maritime)
moves in a rides up above the very cold air. This results in Cumulus build ups and
thunderstorms interspersed with stratiform clouds, continuous precipitation and
widespread low ceilings.
✔✔Describe the Double Track Error Method - ✔✔After a start amount of time flying, you
determine you are X degrees of course. You then Correct by X*2 and fly for the same
amount of time. Then you correct your original heading by X. e.g: on a heading of 050,
after 20 minutes you find you are 5 degrees to the right of track, you then change your
heading to 040 (10 degrees) and fly for another 20 minutes, then change heading from
040 to 035.
✔✔how do you convert Bearing to the station (BTS) to Bearing From the station (BFS)?
- ✔✔Add/subtract 180 degrees
✔✔What is the key to NDB questions? - ✔✔ALWAYS ALWAYS draw it out
, ✔✔Every degree past a meridian is equal to how much time? - ✔✔3 minutes
✔✔The standard meridians of Canada begin in the east with __________ and are
_______ degrees each. - ✔✔48, 4
✔✔What is the difference between MRA and MEA - ✔✔MRA (Minimum Reception
Altitude) is for an intersection where you may need to receive two navaids, one of which
may be out of range at the MEA. MRA will be omitted if it is the same altitude as MEA.
✔✔What can be result of a updraft on landing - ✔✔AoA is exceeded and the airplane
will stall if the nose is not lowered quickly enough.
✔✔What is the best practice for ensuring an NDB is operational? - ✔✔Since ADF
receivers do not have a "flag" to warn the pilot when erroneous bearing information is
being displayed, the pilot should continuously monitor the NDB's identification
✔✔Describe the different types of ARCAL systems - ✔✔Type J is activated by clicking
the mic 5 times withing 5 seconds.
Type K is activated by clicking the mic 7 times times within five seconds. Once activated
you may change the intensity from low, med, by clicking 3, 5, or 7 times respectively
within 5 seconds.
Both types of lighting will stay on for 15 minutes. Some airport lighting will flash at 2
minutes prior to turning off. One should always re-key the mic on final or on downwind if
doing continuous circuits.
✔✔What are some common NDB errors - ✔✔1. Twilight Error (Night Effect): Radio
waves can be reflected back by the ionosphere and can cause fluctuations 30 to 60 NM
(approx. 54 to 108 KM) from the transmitter, especially just before sunrise and just after
sunset
2. Terrain Error: High terrain like hills and mountains can reflect radio waves, giving
erroneous readings
3. Electrical Error:Electrical storms, and sometimes also electrical interference can
cause the ADF needle to deflect toward the electrical source
4. Shoreline Error: Low-frequency radio waves will refract or bend near a shoreline,
especially if they are close to parallel to the shore
5. Bank Error: When the aircraft is banked, the needle reading will be offset
✔✔What is the relationship between air temperature and moisture capacity? -
✔✔Increasing the temperature speeds up evaporation and thereby shifts the balance
further toward water vapor, so the higher the temperature, the more moisture the air
must contain before it's saturated. In other words, at higher temperatures the air can
hold more water vapor.
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SURE A+
✔✔How many hours can a pilot fly in 7 Consecutive days in air taxi ops? - ✔✔60
✔✔Describe the maximum flight time limits for Air Taxi ops - ✔✔1. 1200 hours per 365
days
2. 300 hours per 90 days
3. 120 hours per 30 days
4. 60 hours per 7 days
5. 8 hours per 24 hours (For single pilot IFR)
6. 14 hours per 24 hours
✔✔Daily flight time may be extended up to how many hours under what circumstance?
- ✔✔3 hours if unforeseen operational circumstances occur
✔✔Jet streams develop more readily when the structure of the atmosphere below
features - ✔✔strong horizontal temperature gradients and abrupt change in tropopause
height.
✔✔When converting from true course to magnetic heading, a pilot should remember... -
✔✔East is least and west is best
✔✔When converting from magnetic heading to a true course , a pilot should _________
for easterly headings and __________ for westerly headings. - ✔✔Add for East and
Subtract for West.
✔✔When Reading winds the heading will be ___________ and when hearing the winds
on AWOS/ATIS it will be ________ - ✔✔True, Magnetic
✔✔Describe the 1 in 60 rule - ✔✔It is a rule of thumb which states that if a pilot is one
mile off track after 60 miles than they are one degree off track.
✔✔After 30 miles you realize you are two miles off track. how many degrees from the
original heading should you correct your track? - ✔✔8 degrees. Using the Rule of 1 in
60 you determine you are 4 degrees off track. To correct this, you must double the
degrees.
✔✔Using the Rule of 1 and 60 what calculation should you use to determine how many
degrees you are off track? - ✔✔(Miles off track/Miles Flown) X 60
,✔✔The (large font) figure on a VNC and a Lo Chart that represents the lowest Safes
altitude is known as the
A. Minimum Terrain Clearance altitude
B. Area Minimum Altitude
C. Lowest Safe altitude - ✔✔B
✔✔How do you determine the correct bank angle to perform a rate one turn? - ✔✔15%
of KAS = Bank Angle
✔✔Describe how to do a VOT VOR Test - ✔✔Select OBS to 360° with a FROM flag
and the CDI should be within 4° of
the centre. Select OBS to 180° with a TO flag and the CDI should be within 4° of the
centre.
✔✔What are the VFR minimums in uncontrolled Airspace? - ✔✔Below 1,000 AGL=
Clear of clouds, 2 SM (3 at night)
Above 1,000 AGL= 500' below clouds, 2,000' horizontally, 2 SM (3 at night).
✔✔What are the VFR minimums for class B,C,D,E? - ✔✔(315) 3 SM Vis., 1 SM
between clouds, 500' below clouds
✔✔Describe Radiation Fog - ✔✔Radiation Fog: Results when cooling of earth's surface
reduce air near the ground to its dew point on clear, calm nights
✔✔What type of Front moves faster (Cold or warm) and why? - ✔✔Cold because the air
is more dense.
✔✔Describe an upper cold front (trowal) - ✔✔This occurs when very cold continental
arctic air is lying stagnant then less cold air but still cold are (such as a arctic maritime)
moves in a rides up above the very cold air. This results in Cumulus build ups and
thunderstorms interspersed with stratiform clouds, continuous precipitation and
widespread low ceilings.
✔✔Describe the Double Track Error Method - ✔✔After a start amount of time flying, you
determine you are X degrees of course. You then Correct by X*2 and fly for the same
amount of time. Then you correct your original heading by X. e.g: on a heading of 050,
after 20 minutes you find you are 5 degrees to the right of track, you then change your
heading to 040 (10 degrees) and fly for another 20 minutes, then change heading from
040 to 035.
✔✔how do you convert Bearing to the station (BTS) to Bearing From the station (BFS)?
- ✔✔Add/subtract 180 degrees
✔✔What is the key to NDB questions? - ✔✔ALWAYS ALWAYS draw it out
, ✔✔Every degree past a meridian is equal to how much time? - ✔✔3 minutes
✔✔The standard meridians of Canada begin in the east with __________ and are
_______ degrees each. - ✔✔48, 4
✔✔What is the difference between MRA and MEA - ✔✔MRA (Minimum Reception
Altitude) is for an intersection where you may need to receive two navaids, one of which
may be out of range at the MEA. MRA will be omitted if it is the same altitude as MEA.
✔✔What can be result of a updraft on landing - ✔✔AoA is exceeded and the airplane
will stall if the nose is not lowered quickly enough.
✔✔What is the best practice for ensuring an NDB is operational? - ✔✔Since ADF
receivers do not have a "flag" to warn the pilot when erroneous bearing information is
being displayed, the pilot should continuously monitor the NDB's identification
✔✔Describe the different types of ARCAL systems - ✔✔Type J is activated by clicking
the mic 5 times withing 5 seconds.
Type K is activated by clicking the mic 7 times times within five seconds. Once activated
you may change the intensity from low, med, by clicking 3, 5, or 7 times respectively
within 5 seconds.
Both types of lighting will stay on for 15 minutes. Some airport lighting will flash at 2
minutes prior to turning off. One should always re-key the mic on final or on downwind if
doing continuous circuits.
✔✔What are some common NDB errors - ✔✔1. Twilight Error (Night Effect): Radio
waves can be reflected back by the ionosphere and can cause fluctuations 30 to 60 NM
(approx. 54 to 108 KM) from the transmitter, especially just before sunrise and just after
sunset
2. Terrain Error: High terrain like hills and mountains can reflect radio waves, giving
erroneous readings
3. Electrical Error:Electrical storms, and sometimes also electrical interference can
cause the ADF needle to deflect toward the electrical source
4. Shoreline Error: Low-frequency radio waves will refract or bend near a shoreline,
especially if they are close to parallel to the shore
5. Bank Error: When the aircraft is banked, the needle reading will be offset
✔✔What is the relationship between air temperature and moisture capacity? -
✔✔Increasing the temperature speeds up evaporation and thereby shifts the balance
further toward water vapor, so the higher the temperature, the more moisture the air
must contain before it's saturated. In other words, at higher temperatures the air can
hold more water vapor.
