CTD 261 UPDATED 2026 REVIEW EXAM SET
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Lyocell Properties
Aesthetics - ✔✔side, luster, denier related to use
✔✔Lyocell Properties
Durability - ✔✔Strong (4.8-5.0 g/d), 18% weaker when wet; adequate breaking
elongation; poor resistance to abrasion (fibrillates)
✔✔Lyocell Properties
Comfort - ✔✔Good regain (11.5%)
✔✔Acetate and Triacetate - ✔✔Fibers are modified cellulosic fibers
✔✔Acetate and Triacetate history - ✔✔-Production of acetate began in England around
1917, and production of triacetate began in the U.S. -In 1954 Hoechst-Celanese was
the U.S. leading acetate producer. In 2000 this company was called KOSA
✔✔Acetate and Triacetate process - ✔✔-Starting material is purified bleached wood
pulp. It's reacted with acetic acid (concentrated vinegar) to form a material which is
soluble in acetone, in the case of acetate, or in other solvents, in the case of triacetate
-Dry spun
✔✔Acetate and Triacetate - ✔✔-Amount of acetic acid (CH3 COOH) *LOOK AT
PICTURE* used determines whether you get acetate fiber: few OH groups or triacetate
fiber: no OH
, -In both, the hydroxyl (OH) groups in cellulose are replaced by acetyl (CH3COO)
groups. The difference between the two is in the extent to which this replacement takes
place
-Manufactured fiber in which the fiber forming substance is sellulose acetate. Where,
not less than 92% of the hydroxyl groups are acetylated, the term triacetate may be
used as a generic description of the fiber; modified cellulose
✔✔Acetate and Triacetate
Physical Properties - ✔✔Both types similar to microscopic appearance
Irregular cross section
Longitudinal striations
Can be varied by spinneret
Fiber is clear if bright
Fiber is opaque if dull
✔✔Acetate and Triacetate
Mechanical Properties - ✔✔-Tenacity: Both 1.0 to 1.5 g/denier: very weak, highly
amorphous; acetate loses 50 percent of its strength when wet. It is not a good fiber to
launder
-Elastic recovery: Poor for acetate
-Resilience: Good for triacetate, it is heat-set: 65% crystalline
✔✔Acetate and Triacetate
Chemical Properties - ✔✔-Regain:
-6.5% for acetate: moderate (some OH's still present)
-3.5% for triacetate: less than for acetate therefore more OH groups are replaced by
acetyl groups
-Also less than rayon or cotton because the acetylated groups do not attract water
-Heat Resistance: acetate softens at 350 degrees F. -It's thermoplastic
-Triacetate is also thermoplastic and softens at 465 degrees F, melts 572 degrees F
✔✔Acetate and Triacetate
Other Properties - ✔✔-Dimensional stability good for triacetate. One of the first easy
care fibers
-Sunlight degrades acetate badly- particularly dull acetate
-Triacetate can be heat-set. Fiber is thermoplastic and its form can be altered by heat.
Garments of triacetate can be given permanent pleats
-Some dyes on acetate are damaged by air pollutants- oxides of nitrogen or sulfur
change colors of some dyes (blue->pink).
✔✔Acetate and Triacetate
Care - ✔✔-Dry cleaning of acetate fabrics recommended -shrinkage can occur during
laundering. Some fabrics can shrink 5-10% (A 3% shrinkage is about one size)
-Some manufacturers supply acetate in colors. (Dye included in the spinning solution)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Lyocell Properties
Aesthetics - ✔✔side, luster, denier related to use
✔✔Lyocell Properties
Durability - ✔✔Strong (4.8-5.0 g/d), 18% weaker when wet; adequate breaking
elongation; poor resistance to abrasion (fibrillates)
✔✔Lyocell Properties
Comfort - ✔✔Good regain (11.5%)
✔✔Acetate and Triacetate - ✔✔Fibers are modified cellulosic fibers
✔✔Acetate and Triacetate history - ✔✔-Production of acetate began in England around
1917, and production of triacetate began in the U.S. -In 1954 Hoechst-Celanese was
the U.S. leading acetate producer. In 2000 this company was called KOSA
✔✔Acetate and Triacetate process - ✔✔-Starting material is purified bleached wood
pulp. It's reacted with acetic acid (concentrated vinegar) to form a material which is
soluble in acetone, in the case of acetate, or in other solvents, in the case of triacetate
-Dry spun
✔✔Acetate and Triacetate - ✔✔-Amount of acetic acid (CH3 COOH) *LOOK AT
PICTURE* used determines whether you get acetate fiber: few OH groups or triacetate
fiber: no OH
, -In both, the hydroxyl (OH) groups in cellulose are replaced by acetyl (CH3COO)
groups. The difference between the two is in the extent to which this replacement takes
place
-Manufactured fiber in which the fiber forming substance is sellulose acetate. Where,
not less than 92% of the hydroxyl groups are acetylated, the term triacetate may be
used as a generic description of the fiber; modified cellulose
✔✔Acetate and Triacetate
Physical Properties - ✔✔Both types similar to microscopic appearance
Irregular cross section
Longitudinal striations
Can be varied by spinneret
Fiber is clear if bright
Fiber is opaque if dull
✔✔Acetate and Triacetate
Mechanical Properties - ✔✔-Tenacity: Both 1.0 to 1.5 g/denier: very weak, highly
amorphous; acetate loses 50 percent of its strength when wet. It is not a good fiber to
launder
-Elastic recovery: Poor for acetate
-Resilience: Good for triacetate, it is heat-set: 65% crystalline
✔✔Acetate and Triacetate
Chemical Properties - ✔✔-Regain:
-6.5% for acetate: moderate (some OH's still present)
-3.5% for triacetate: less than for acetate therefore more OH groups are replaced by
acetyl groups
-Also less than rayon or cotton because the acetylated groups do not attract water
-Heat Resistance: acetate softens at 350 degrees F. -It's thermoplastic
-Triacetate is also thermoplastic and softens at 465 degrees F, melts 572 degrees F
✔✔Acetate and Triacetate
Other Properties - ✔✔-Dimensional stability good for triacetate. One of the first easy
care fibers
-Sunlight degrades acetate badly- particularly dull acetate
-Triacetate can be heat-set. Fiber is thermoplastic and its form can be altered by heat.
Garments of triacetate can be given permanent pleats
-Some dyes on acetate are damaged by air pollutants- oxides of nitrogen or sulfur
change colors of some dyes (blue->pink).
✔✔Acetate and Triacetate
Care - ✔✔-Dry cleaning of acetate fabrics recommended -shrinkage can occur during
laundering. Some fabrics can shrink 5-10% (A 3% shrinkage is about one size)
-Some manufacturers supply acetate in colors. (Dye included in the spinning solution)
