NDFS 100 EXAM 1 BYU 2026
MACRONUTRIENTS CARBOHYDRATES
PROTEINS FATS MODULE QUESTIONS
SOLUTIONS STRUCTURED SCRIPT
◉ essential nutrients
Answer: nutrients body cannot make itself
◉ 6 major essential nutrients
Answer: Carbohydrates
protein
fat
vitamins
minerals
water
◉ Carbohydrates role in body
Answer: -4cal/g
-energy-yielding nutrient
-2 groups: simple & complex
,Simple: sugars Complex: starch & dietary fiber
-energy used first to fuel muscles and brain
-(45-65% of calories should come from carbohydrates
-sources: grain products such as breads, cereals, pasta and rice as
well as fruits and vegetables
◉ What does SOLUBLE fiber (a carbohydrate) do?
Answer: -fruits, legumes, nuts, seeds, brown rice, oats, barley, rice
brans
-lowers blood cholesterol and helps to control blood sugar levels
while providing very little energy
◉ What does INSOLUBLE fiber (a carbohydrate) do?
Answer: -wheat & corn bran, whole grain breads and cereals,
vegetables, fruit skins, nuts
-don't provide any calories
-helps alleviate digestive disorders like constipation or diverticulitis
and may prevent colon cancer
◉ Proteins role in the body
Answer: -4cal/g
-broken down into amino acids by the digestive system
,-amino acids are then used for building and repairing muscles, red
blood cells, hair and other tissues, and for making hormones
-adequate protein intake is important for healthy immune system
-Because protein is a source of calories it will be used for energy if
not enough carbohydrate is available
-sources: animal products-meat, fish, poultry, milk, cheese, eggs.
vegetable sources-legumes(beans, lentils, dried peas, nuts) and
seeds
◉ Fat's role in the body
Answer: -9 kcal/g
-energy-yielding nutrient
-includes mixture of saturated and unsaturated fats
-Higher in saturated fat: animal-based foods- meats and milk
products
-higher in unsaturated fats: vegetable oils
-Fat maintains skin and hair, cushions vital organs, provides
insulation, and is necessary for the production and absorption of
certain vitamins and hormones
-no more than 30% calories as fat
-no more than 10% calories as unsaturated fat
◉ Vitamins role in body
Answer: -REGULATE chemical reactions in the body
, -13 vitamins
-most vitamins cannot be made in body, so we must obtain them
through the diet
-not a source of energy
-best consumed through a varied diet rather than as a supplement
bc there is little chance of taking too high a dose
◉ Minerals role in body
Answer: -REGULATOR
-assist in all body processes
-components of foods that are involved in many body functions
-ex: calcium & magnesium important for bone structure
-ex: iron needed for red blood cells to transport oxygen
-not a source of energy
-best obtained through a varied diet rather than supplements
◉ Water's role in body
Answer: -vital nutrient for good health
-body cells cannot function without water
-most of our body weight (60-70%) is made up of water
-helps control body temperature, carries nutrients and waste
products from cells, and is needed for our cells to function
MACRONUTRIENTS CARBOHYDRATES
PROTEINS FATS MODULE QUESTIONS
SOLUTIONS STRUCTURED SCRIPT
◉ essential nutrients
Answer: nutrients body cannot make itself
◉ 6 major essential nutrients
Answer: Carbohydrates
protein
fat
vitamins
minerals
water
◉ Carbohydrates role in body
Answer: -4cal/g
-energy-yielding nutrient
-2 groups: simple & complex
,Simple: sugars Complex: starch & dietary fiber
-energy used first to fuel muscles and brain
-(45-65% of calories should come from carbohydrates
-sources: grain products such as breads, cereals, pasta and rice as
well as fruits and vegetables
◉ What does SOLUBLE fiber (a carbohydrate) do?
Answer: -fruits, legumes, nuts, seeds, brown rice, oats, barley, rice
brans
-lowers blood cholesterol and helps to control blood sugar levels
while providing very little energy
◉ What does INSOLUBLE fiber (a carbohydrate) do?
Answer: -wheat & corn bran, whole grain breads and cereals,
vegetables, fruit skins, nuts
-don't provide any calories
-helps alleviate digestive disorders like constipation or diverticulitis
and may prevent colon cancer
◉ Proteins role in the body
Answer: -4cal/g
-broken down into amino acids by the digestive system
,-amino acids are then used for building and repairing muscles, red
blood cells, hair and other tissues, and for making hormones
-adequate protein intake is important for healthy immune system
-Because protein is a source of calories it will be used for energy if
not enough carbohydrate is available
-sources: animal products-meat, fish, poultry, milk, cheese, eggs.
vegetable sources-legumes(beans, lentils, dried peas, nuts) and
seeds
◉ Fat's role in the body
Answer: -9 kcal/g
-energy-yielding nutrient
-includes mixture of saturated and unsaturated fats
-Higher in saturated fat: animal-based foods- meats and milk
products
-higher in unsaturated fats: vegetable oils
-Fat maintains skin and hair, cushions vital organs, provides
insulation, and is necessary for the production and absorption of
certain vitamins and hormones
-no more than 30% calories as fat
-no more than 10% calories as unsaturated fat
◉ Vitamins role in body
Answer: -REGULATE chemical reactions in the body
, -13 vitamins
-most vitamins cannot be made in body, so we must obtain them
through the diet
-not a source of energy
-best consumed through a varied diet rather than as a supplement
bc there is little chance of taking too high a dose
◉ Minerals role in body
Answer: -REGULATOR
-assist in all body processes
-components of foods that are involved in many body functions
-ex: calcium & magnesium important for bone structure
-ex: iron needed for red blood cells to transport oxygen
-not a source of energy
-best obtained through a varied diet rather than supplements
◉ Water's role in body
Answer: -vital nutrient for good health
-body cells cannot function without water
-most of our body weight (60-70%) is made up of water
-helps control body temperature, carries nutrients and waste
products from cells, and is needed for our cells to function
