NSG 5140 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM EXAM REVIEW NEWEST 2026/2027
ALL STUDY QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED PASS
,NSG 5140 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM
EXAM REVIEW NEWEST 2026/2027 ALL STUDY QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED PASS
Condition associated with decreased GABA activity in the brain, where decreased function
promotes neuronal excitability and anxiety. - Answer>>> Anxiety disorders
Intracellular, where approximately two-thirds of total body water is inside cells. - Answer>>>
Fluid compartment with majority of body water
Disorder associated with a mutation in the CFTR gene, leading to thick mucus secretions in the
lungs, pancreas, and GI tract. - Answer>>> Cystic fibrosis
Function is to promote sodium and water excretion; released from the heart to reduce blood
volume and pressure. - Answer>>> Natriuretic peptides
Reduced albumin decreases oncotic pressure, leading to fluid movement into interstitial spaces. -
Answer>>> Cause of oncotic edema
Vasoconstriction. - Answer>>> First step in hemostasis
SLE involves immune complex deposition (Type III), leading to widespread inflammation and
tissue damage. - Answer>>> Type III Hypersensitivity
The major mechanism is ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, where a PE blocks perfusion to
ventilated alveoli, causing high V/Q and impaired gas exchange. - Answer>>> Hypoxemia in
pulmonary embolism
Caused by airway narrowing due to bronchospasm, where tightened airways from inflammation
and muscle constriction create a whistling sound during breathing. - Answer>>> Wheezing
sound in asthma
The primary motor cortex, located in the frontal lobe, initiates voluntary movement. -
Answer>>> Frontal Lobe
Condition causing a loud S1 and opening snap on auscultation due to narrowed mitral valve
producing high-pressure opening sound. - Answer>>> Mitral stenosis
, Mechanism of pulmonary edema in left-sided heart failure, where blood backs up into lungs,
forcing fluid into alveoli. - Answer>>> Increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary capillaries
Main function is activation of clotting factors, essential for synthesis of factors II, VII, IX, and
X. - Answer>>> Vitamin K
Cause of increased risk of bleeding in liver disease, as the liver produces most coagulation
proteins. - Answer>>> Reduced synthesis of clotting factors
Shock results in inadequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues, causing cellular
dysfunction. - Answer>>> Impaired tissue perfusion
Asthma involves hyperresponsiveness, smooth muscle constriction, and increased mucus,
narrowing the airway. - Answer>>> Bronchoconstriction and mucus production
Apoptosis is an orderly process for removing damaged or unneeded cells without inflammation. -
Answer>>> Apoptosis
Plaque rupture leads to thrombus formation, blocking coronary arteries and causing infarction. -
Answer>>> Atherosclerotic plaque rupture
Creatinine is a waste product filtered by the kidneys; elevated levels suggest impaired renal
function. - Answer>>> Serum creatinine
Aldosterone promotes Na⁺ reabsorption and K⁺ loss in the distal nephron to increase blood
volume. - Answer>>> Aldosterone
Hypovolemic shock occurs when blood or fluid loss reduces preload and cardiac output. -
Answer>>> Hypovolemic shock
Stretching of myocardial fibers improves contractile force, increasing output. - Answer>>>
Frank-Starling law of the heart
LDL contributes to plaque formation in arterial walls, promoting atherosclerosis. - Answer>>>
Elevated LDL cholesterol
Left-sided failure backs up blood into the lungs, causing fluid accumulation and respiratory
symptoms. - Answer>>> Pulmonary edema
MIDTERM EXAM REVIEW NEWEST 2026/2027
ALL STUDY QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED PASS
,NSG 5140 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM
EXAM REVIEW NEWEST 2026/2027 ALL STUDY QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED PASS
Condition associated with decreased GABA activity in the brain, where decreased function
promotes neuronal excitability and anxiety. - Answer>>> Anxiety disorders
Intracellular, where approximately two-thirds of total body water is inside cells. - Answer>>>
Fluid compartment with majority of body water
Disorder associated with a mutation in the CFTR gene, leading to thick mucus secretions in the
lungs, pancreas, and GI tract. - Answer>>> Cystic fibrosis
Function is to promote sodium and water excretion; released from the heart to reduce blood
volume and pressure. - Answer>>> Natriuretic peptides
Reduced albumin decreases oncotic pressure, leading to fluid movement into interstitial spaces. -
Answer>>> Cause of oncotic edema
Vasoconstriction. - Answer>>> First step in hemostasis
SLE involves immune complex deposition (Type III), leading to widespread inflammation and
tissue damage. - Answer>>> Type III Hypersensitivity
The major mechanism is ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, where a PE blocks perfusion to
ventilated alveoli, causing high V/Q and impaired gas exchange. - Answer>>> Hypoxemia in
pulmonary embolism
Caused by airway narrowing due to bronchospasm, where tightened airways from inflammation
and muscle constriction create a whistling sound during breathing. - Answer>>> Wheezing
sound in asthma
The primary motor cortex, located in the frontal lobe, initiates voluntary movement. -
Answer>>> Frontal Lobe
Condition causing a loud S1 and opening snap on auscultation due to narrowed mitral valve
producing high-pressure opening sound. - Answer>>> Mitral stenosis
, Mechanism of pulmonary edema in left-sided heart failure, where blood backs up into lungs,
forcing fluid into alveoli. - Answer>>> Increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary capillaries
Main function is activation of clotting factors, essential for synthesis of factors II, VII, IX, and
X. - Answer>>> Vitamin K
Cause of increased risk of bleeding in liver disease, as the liver produces most coagulation
proteins. - Answer>>> Reduced synthesis of clotting factors
Shock results in inadequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues, causing cellular
dysfunction. - Answer>>> Impaired tissue perfusion
Asthma involves hyperresponsiveness, smooth muscle constriction, and increased mucus,
narrowing the airway. - Answer>>> Bronchoconstriction and mucus production
Apoptosis is an orderly process for removing damaged or unneeded cells without inflammation. -
Answer>>> Apoptosis
Plaque rupture leads to thrombus formation, blocking coronary arteries and causing infarction. -
Answer>>> Atherosclerotic plaque rupture
Creatinine is a waste product filtered by the kidneys; elevated levels suggest impaired renal
function. - Answer>>> Serum creatinine
Aldosterone promotes Na⁺ reabsorption and K⁺ loss in the distal nephron to increase blood
volume. - Answer>>> Aldosterone
Hypovolemic shock occurs when blood or fluid loss reduces preload and cardiac output. -
Answer>>> Hypovolemic shock
Stretching of myocardial fibers improves contractile force, increasing output. - Answer>>>
Frank-Starling law of the heart
LDL contributes to plaque formation in arterial walls, promoting atherosclerosis. - Answer>>>
Elevated LDL cholesterol
Left-sided failure backs up blood into the lungs, causing fluid accumulation and respiratory
symptoms. - Answer>>> Pulmonary edema
