HSCI 345 Exam 1 ACTUAL UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Science Impartial weighing of empirical evidence
Research Scientifically structured problem solving
Variable Characteristics that change or can take on different values from person to person
, Categorical A variable that can take on values that are names or labels of data
Dichotomous Variable that can take on one of only two possible values when observed or
measured
Discrete Finite number of values, procedure establishes limit to number of places one can
take measure
Continuous Can take on any numerical value, can be infinite number, for any two values of the
measure, there is another value between them
Constant Non-changing values; same for all participants
Statistics Study of how to collect, organize, analyze, and interpret numerical information
from data
Population Includes all elements from a set
Sample Consists of one or more observations drawn from a population
Independent Variable Used to examine their effects on another variable; what the researcher is
manipulating; often categorical with groups or levels
Dependent Variable Outcome or "effect" variable; measured in response to the independent variable;
usually measures effects; often continuous
Parameter A numerical measure that describes a characteristic of an entire population
Statistic A numerical measure that describes a characteristic of sample
Nominal 2 or more categories with no logical order
Interval Has equal intervals with no absolute zero
Ordinal 2 or more categories with a logical order
Ratio Has equal intervals with an absolute zero
Sampling Error Difference between the sample value (statistic) and the actual population value
(parameter) that is a result of normal fluctuations
Non-sampling Error Differences between the sample value and the actual population value as a result
of incorrectly recorded data, incorrectly analyzed data, biased sampling
Science Impartial weighing of empirical evidence
Research Scientifically structured problem solving
Variable Characteristics that change or can take on different values from person to person
, Categorical A variable that can take on values that are names or labels of data
Dichotomous Variable that can take on one of only two possible values when observed or
measured
Discrete Finite number of values, procedure establishes limit to number of places one can
take measure
Continuous Can take on any numerical value, can be infinite number, for any two values of the
measure, there is another value between them
Constant Non-changing values; same for all participants
Statistics Study of how to collect, organize, analyze, and interpret numerical information
from data
Population Includes all elements from a set
Sample Consists of one or more observations drawn from a population
Independent Variable Used to examine their effects on another variable; what the researcher is
manipulating; often categorical with groups or levels
Dependent Variable Outcome or "effect" variable; measured in response to the independent variable;
usually measures effects; often continuous
Parameter A numerical measure that describes a characteristic of an entire population
Statistic A numerical measure that describes a characteristic of sample
Nominal 2 or more categories with no logical order
Interval Has equal intervals with no absolute zero
Ordinal 2 or more categories with a logical order
Ratio Has equal intervals with an absolute zero
Sampling Error Difference between the sample value (statistic) and the actual population value
(parameter) that is a result of normal fluctuations
Non-sampling Error Differences between the sample value and the actual population value as a result
of incorrectly recorded data, incorrectly analyzed data, biased sampling
