NR 224: Fundamentals of Nursing - Urinary Elimination &
Catheterization 2026 |Chamberlain
1. A nurse is caring for an older adult client who is experiencing sudden
confusion and agitation. What is the most likely urinary cause for these
symptoms?
A. Urinary retention
B. Urinary tract infection (UTI)
C. Polyuria
D. Nocturia
Answer: B
Rationale: In older adults, the most common symptom of a UTI is a change in mental
status, such as confusion or agitation, rather than typical symptoms like fever or dysuria.
2. What is the minimum acceptable hourly urine output for an average adult to
ensure adequate renal perfusion?
A. 15 mL/hr
B. 60 mL/hr
C. 30 mL/hr
D. 100 mL/hr
Answer: C
Rationale: A urine output of less than 30 mL/hr for more than 2 hours is a cause for
concern and may indicate renal failure or dehydration.
,3. A client complains of an intense urge to urinate but is unable to pass more
than a few drops. Which condition does the nurse suspect?
A. Urinary retention
B. Stress incontinence
C. Urinary frequency
D. Diuresis
Answer: A
Rationale: Urinary retention is the inability to empty the bladder completely. Pressure
may cause small amounts of ‘overflow’ urine to escape, but the bladder remains full.
4. Which type of catheter is commonly used for a male patient with an enlarged
prostate to ease insertion?
A. Coudé catheter
B. Foley catheter
C. Straight catheter
D. Suprapubic catheter
Answer: A
Rationale: A Coudé catheter has a curved tip that is designed to navigate through a
constricted urethra, such as in patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH).
5. To prevent Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI), where
should the drainage bag be placed?
A. On the client’s bed rail
B. On the floor
C. In the client’s lap during transport
D. On the bed frame below the level of the bladder
Answer: D
, Rationale: The bag must always be kept below the level of the bladder to prevent backflow
(reflux) of contaminated urine into the bladder. It should be on the bed frame, not the rail,
to avoid movement that could pull the catheter.
6. When initiating a 24-hour urine collection, what is the correct first step?
A. Save the very first voiding of the day
B. Discard the first voiding and record the time
C. Keep all urine in a room-temperature container
D. Stop the collection if one voiding is accidentally discarded
Answer: B
Rationale: A 24-hour collection starts by having the patient void, discarding that first
specimen (as it was produced before the start time), and then collecting all subsequent
urine for exactly 24 hours.
7. Which lab value represents a normal range for urine specific gravity?
A. 1.005 - 1.030
B. 1.000 - 1.010
C. 1.040 - 1.050
D. 0.900 - 1.000
Answer: A
Rationale: Normal urine specific gravity ranges from 1.005 to 1.030. Higher values
indicate concentrated urine (dehydration), while lower values indicate dilute urine.
8. A client leaks small amounts of urine when coughing or sneezing. Which type
of incontinence is this?
A. Urge incontinence
B. Stress incontinence
C. Functional incontinence
D. Overflow incontinence
Answer: B
Catheterization 2026 |Chamberlain
1. A nurse is caring for an older adult client who is experiencing sudden
confusion and agitation. What is the most likely urinary cause for these
symptoms?
A. Urinary retention
B. Urinary tract infection (UTI)
C. Polyuria
D. Nocturia
Answer: B
Rationale: In older adults, the most common symptom of a UTI is a change in mental
status, such as confusion or agitation, rather than typical symptoms like fever or dysuria.
2. What is the minimum acceptable hourly urine output for an average adult to
ensure adequate renal perfusion?
A. 15 mL/hr
B. 60 mL/hr
C. 30 mL/hr
D. 100 mL/hr
Answer: C
Rationale: A urine output of less than 30 mL/hr for more than 2 hours is a cause for
concern and may indicate renal failure or dehydration.
,3. A client complains of an intense urge to urinate but is unable to pass more
than a few drops. Which condition does the nurse suspect?
A. Urinary retention
B. Stress incontinence
C. Urinary frequency
D. Diuresis
Answer: A
Rationale: Urinary retention is the inability to empty the bladder completely. Pressure
may cause small amounts of ‘overflow’ urine to escape, but the bladder remains full.
4. Which type of catheter is commonly used for a male patient with an enlarged
prostate to ease insertion?
A. Coudé catheter
B. Foley catheter
C. Straight catheter
D. Suprapubic catheter
Answer: A
Rationale: A Coudé catheter has a curved tip that is designed to navigate through a
constricted urethra, such as in patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH).
5. To prevent Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI), where
should the drainage bag be placed?
A. On the client’s bed rail
B. On the floor
C. In the client’s lap during transport
D. On the bed frame below the level of the bladder
Answer: D
, Rationale: The bag must always be kept below the level of the bladder to prevent backflow
(reflux) of contaminated urine into the bladder. It should be on the bed frame, not the rail,
to avoid movement that could pull the catheter.
6. When initiating a 24-hour urine collection, what is the correct first step?
A. Save the very first voiding of the day
B. Discard the first voiding and record the time
C. Keep all urine in a room-temperature container
D. Stop the collection if one voiding is accidentally discarded
Answer: B
Rationale: A 24-hour collection starts by having the patient void, discarding that first
specimen (as it was produced before the start time), and then collecting all subsequent
urine for exactly 24 hours.
7. Which lab value represents a normal range for urine specific gravity?
A. 1.005 - 1.030
B. 1.000 - 1.010
C. 1.040 - 1.050
D. 0.900 - 1.000
Answer: A
Rationale: Normal urine specific gravity ranges from 1.005 to 1.030. Higher values
indicate concentrated urine (dehydration), while lower values indicate dilute urine.
8. A client leaks small amounts of urine when coughing or sneezing. Which type
of incontinence is this?
A. Urge incontinence
B. Stress incontinence
C. Functional incontinence
D. Overflow incontinence
Answer: B
