BIL 150 MALLERY UPDATED EXAM SCRIPT
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Calcite - ✔✔mineral that attracts D&L amino acid isomers to different crystal faces
✔✔Synthetic Cells - ✔✔to construct artificial organisms that can reproduce and evolve
✔✔Protocells (protobionts) - ✔✔spherical collection of lipids proposed as a stepping-
stone to the origin of life
✔✔Anabolic Pathway - ✔✔reactions work to make larger molecules from smaller ones
✔✔Catabolic Pathway - ✔✔degradatory reactions break down larger molecules into
smaller
✔✔Hydrocarbon - ✔✔molecules made of carbon and hydrogen and have molecular
skeletons
✔✔Structural Isomer - ✔✔have the same empirical formula but different structures
✔✔Cis-Isomer - ✔✔two X's on the same side
✔✔Trans-Isomer - ✔✔two X's on opposite side
✔✔Aldose - ✔✔carbohydrates built on aldehyde; C=O on top
✔✔Ketose - ✔✔carbohydrates built on ketone; C=O in middle
✔✔A Glucose - ✔✔OH on bottom right
✔✔B Glucose - ✔✔OH on top right
, ✔✔Dehydration Reaction - ✔✔take away water to induce a bond
✔✔Configuration - ✔✔the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule
✔✔Triglyceride - ✔✔1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids; formed by a condensation reaction
✔✔Glycerol end - ✔✔hydrophillic; polar
✔✔Hydrocarbon end - ✔✔hydrophobic; non-polar
✔✔Saturated fat - ✔✔solid at room temp; no cis-isomer
✔✔Unsaturated fat - ✔✔liquid at room temp; cis-isomer
✔✔Phospholipid - ✔✔1 glycerol, 2 fatty acids, phosphate
✔✔Nucleotide - ✔✔nitrogenous base, ribose sugar, inorganic phosphate
✔✔Phosphodiester Bond - ✔✔binds a sugar and phosphate together
✔✔NH2 - ✔✔Amino Group
✔✔C=O - ✔✔Carbonyl Group
✔✔COOH - ✔✔Carboxyl Group
✔✔OH - ✔✔Hydroxyl Group
✔✔CH3 - ✔✔Methyl Group
✔✔PO4 - ✔✔Phosphate Group
✔✔SH - ✔✔Sulfhydryl Group
✔✔Transport Protein - ✔✔bind and transport molecules; hemoglobin
✔✔Defensive Protein - ✔✔provide protection against antibodies, venoms, viruses
✔✔Contractile Protein - ✔✔can change shape and make up elements of
muscle/cytoskeleton
✔✔Structural Protein - ✔✔provide support; hair, tendons, ligaments
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Calcite - ✔✔mineral that attracts D&L amino acid isomers to different crystal faces
✔✔Synthetic Cells - ✔✔to construct artificial organisms that can reproduce and evolve
✔✔Protocells (protobionts) - ✔✔spherical collection of lipids proposed as a stepping-
stone to the origin of life
✔✔Anabolic Pathway - ✔✔reactions work to make larger molecules from smaller ones
✔✔Catabolic Pathway - ✔✔degradatory reactions break down larger molecules into
smaller
✔✔Hydrocarbon - ✔✔molecules made of carbon and hydrogen and have molecular
skeletons
✔✔Structural Isomer - ✔✔have the same empirical formula but different structures
✔✔Cis-Isomer - ✔✔two X's on the same side
✔✔Trans-Isomer - ✔✔two X's on opposite side
✔✔Aldose - ✔✔carbohydrates built on aldehyde; C=O on top
✔✔Ketose - ✔✔carbohydrates built on ketone; C=O in middle
✔✔A Glucose - ✔✔OH on bottom right
✔✔B Glucose - ✔✔OH on top right
, ✔✔Dehydration Reaction - ✔✔take away water to induce a bond
✔✔Configuration - ✔✔the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule
✔✔Triglyceride - ✔✔1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids; formed by a condensation reaction
✔✔Glycerol end - ✔✔hydrophillic; polar
✔✔Hydrocarbon end - ✔✔hydrophobic; non-polar
✔✔Saturated fat - ✔✔solid at room temp; no cis-isomer
✔✔Unsaturated fat - ✔✔liquid at room temp; cis-isomer
✔✔Phospholipid - ✔✔1 glycerol, 2 fatty acids, phosphate
✔✔Nucleotide - ✔✔nitrogenous base, ribose sugar, inorganic phosphate
✔✔Phosphodiester Bond - ✔✔binds a sugar and phosphate together
✔✔NH2 - ✔✔Amino Group
✔✔C=O - ✔✔Carbonyl Group
✔✔COOH - ✔✔Carboxyl Group
✔✔OH - ✔✔Hydroxyl Group
✔✔CH3 - ✔✔Methyl Group
✔✔PO4 - ✔✔Phosphate Group
✔✔SH - ✔✔Sulfhydryl Group
✔✔Transport Protein - ✔✔bind and transport molecules; hemoglobin
✔✔Defensive Protein - ✔✔provide protection against antibodies, venoms, viruses
✔✔Contractile Protein - ✔✔can change shape and make up elements of
muscle/cytoskeleton
✔✔Structural Protein - ✔✔provide support; hair, tendons, ligaments
