NRFSP STUDY EXAMS GUIDE UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔spoilage - ✔✔the process by which food becomes unwholesome
✔✔vehicles of contamination - ✔✔hands, utensils or tools that can carry
microorganisms onto food, causing contamination
✔✔parasite - ✔✔an organism that lives on or in another life form
✔✔toxin - ✔✔a poison produced by some living organisms, such as bacteria, molds,
and algae
✔✔virus - ✔✔an extremely small, highly infectious pathogen
✔✔ciguatera toxin - ✔✔food sources: amberjack, barracuda, grouper, mackerel, and
snapper
symptoms: dizziness, reversal of hot/cold sensations, diarrhea, vomiting
✔✔scromboid poisoning - ✔✔also known as histamine poisoning
Food sources: fish like tuna, bonito, mackrel, or mahi mahi
Symptoms: burning in the mouth, dizziness, hives, pepper or metallic taste in mouth,
itchy eyes
Onset time: 1-30 minutes
, ✔✔PSP - ✔✔paralytic shellfish poisoning caused by fish
✔✔DSP - ✔✔diarrhetic shellfish poisoning
✔✔NSP - ✔✔neurotoxic shellfish poisoning
✔✔ASP - ✔✔amnesic shellfish poisoning
✔✔roundworms - ✔✔parasite like Trichinella spiralis and Anisakis
✔✔flatworms - ✔✔parasite found in beef, pork and fish
✔✔protozoa - ✔✔single-celled microorganism parasite like Giardia lamblia and
Cryptosporidium parvum
✔✔Trichinella spiralis - ✔✔parasite/roundworm found in hogs
✔✔Anisakis - ✔✔parasite/roundworm found in fish such as cod and herring
✔✔foodborne infection - ✔✔an illness caused by pathogenic microorganisms that live
and multiply in your body after you have eaten contaminated food
✔✔foodborne intoxication - ✔✔an illness caused by toxins in food
✔✔onset (or incubation period) - ✔✔the time it takes for the symptoms of a foodborne
illness to start after contaminated food has been eaten
✔✔toxin-mediated infection - ✔✔an illness caused by eating live pathogens that make
toxins as they live in the stomach or intestines
✔✔highly susceptible populations - ✔✔elderly
pregnant women and unborn babies
breast-fed babies and the very young
people who are ill, recovering from illness or who have weakened immune systems
(immunocompromised)
✔✔bacterial infections - ✔✔caused by Camplyobacter jejuni, Listeria, Salmonella,
Shigella, and Vibrio
✔✔bacterial intoxications - ✔✔caused by Bacillus cereus, Clostridium botulinum, and
Staphylococcus aureus
✔✔bacterial toxin-mediated infections - ✔✔caused by Clostridium perfringens and
Escherichia coli
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔spoilage - ✔✔the process by which food becomes unwholesome
✔✔vehicles of contamination - ✔✔hands, utensils or tools that can carry
microorganisms onto food, causing contamination
✔✔parasite - ✔✔an organism that lives on or in another life form
✔✔toxin - ✔✔a poison produced by some living organisms, such as bacteria, molds,
and algae
✔✔virus - ✔✔an extremely small, highly infectious pathogen
✔✔ciguatera toxin - ✔✔food sources: amberjack, barracuda, grouper, mackerel, and
snapper
symptoms: dizziness, reversal of hot/cold sensations, diarrhea, vomiting
✔✔scromboid poisoning - ✔✔also known as histamine poisoning
Food sources: fish like tuna, bonito, mackrel, or mahi mahi
Symptoms: burning in the mouth, dizziness, hives, pepper or metallic taste in mouth,
itchy eyes
Onset time: 1-30 minutes
, ✔✔PSP - ✔✔paralytic shellfish poisoning caused by fish
✔✔DSP - ✔✔diarrhetic shellfish poisoning
✔✔NSP - ✔✔neurotoxic shellfish poisoning
✔✔ASP - ✔✔amnesic shellfish poisoning
✔✔roundworms - ✔✔parasite like Trichinella spiralis and Anisakis
✔✔flatworms - ✔✔parasite found in beef, pork and fish
✔✔protozoa - ✔✔single-celled microorganism parasite like Giardia lamblia and
Cryptosporidium parvum
✔✔Trichinella spiralis - ✔✔parasite/roundworm found in hogs
✔✔Anisakis - ✔✔parasite/roundworm found in fish such as cod and herring
✔✔foodborne infection - ✔✔an illness caused by pathogenic microorganisms that live
and multiply in your body after you have eaten contaminated food
✔✔foodborne intoxication - ✔✔an illness caused by toxins in food
✔✔onset (or incubation period) - ✔✔the time it takes for the symptoms of a foodborne
illness to start after contaminated food has been eaten
✔✔toxin-mediated infection - ✔✔an illness caused by eating live pathogens that make
toxins as they live in the stomach or intestines
✔✔highly susceptible populations - ✔✔elderly
pregnant women and unborn babies
breast-fed babies and the very young
people who are ill, recovering from illness or who have weakened immune systems
(immunocompromised)
✔✔bacterial infections - ✔✔caused by Camplyobacter jejuni, Listeria, Salmonella,
Shigella, and Vibrio
✔✔bacterial intoxications - ✔✔caused by Bacillus cereus, Clostridium botulinum, and
Staphylococcus aureus
✔✔bacterial toxin-mediated infections - ✔✔caused by Clostridium perfringens and
Escherichia coli
