CHEM 134 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT!!!
Question: What is the difference between an extensive property and an intensive
property?
Answer: ✔✔ An extensive property changes when the amount of matter changes
(such as mass, volume, and total length). An intensive property remains the same
regardless of the sample size (such as density, temperature, and material hardness).
Question: What are the fundamental rules for determining significant figures (sig
figs)?
Answer: ✔✔
1. All non-zero digits are always significant.
2. Zeros located between non-zero digits (captive zeros) are significant.
3. Leading zeros (zeros to the left of the first non-zero digit) are never
significant.
4. Trailing zeros (zeros at the end of a number) are only significant if a decimal
point is explicitly written in the number.
Question: What is the formula used to calculate Density?
Answer: ✔✔ Density measures how much mass is concentrated within a specific
amount of space, calculated using the equation:
$$\text{Density} = \frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Volume}}$$
Question: What do the laws of Conservation of Mass and Conservation of Energy
state?
Answer: ✔✔ These fundamental scientific principles state that neither matter nor
energy can be created or destroyed during a process; consequently, the total
,quantity of mass and energy remains entirely constant throughout any physical or
chemical transformation.
Question: What is the definition of the Law of Multiple Proportions?
Answer: ✔✔ When two elements unite to form more than one distinct compound,
the varying masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other
element can always be expressed as a ratio of small, whole numbers.
What evidence about atomic structure was revealed by the experiments of
Thomson -ANSWER ✔✔using cathode tubes to determine the existence of
electrons
What evidence about atomic structure was revealed by the experiments of Millikan
-ANSWER ✔✔oil drop experiments accurately measure the value of this
elementary charge, approximately 1.602×10-191.602e-19
What evidence about atomic structure was revealed by the experiments of
Rutherford -ANSWER ✔✔evidence that the atom consists mostly of space with a
tiny, dense, positively charged nucleus at its center
How to determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons from the symbol
on the periodic table -ANSWER ✔✔
How to find the average atomic mass -ANSWER ✔✔To calculate the average
atomic mass of an element:
* Multiply the mass of each isotope by its natural abundance (expressed as a
decimal).
* Sum the results from all isotopes.
, What is the value of Avagadro's Number and what does it do? -ANSWER
✔✔6.022e23
used to convert from mass to moles
Differentiate between ionic and molecular compounds. -ANSWER ✔✔* Ionic
compounds are formed by the transfer of electrons between a metal and a
nonmetal, creating a lattice of charged ions
* molecular compounds are formed by the sharing of electrons between nonmetals,
resulting in discrete, neutral molecules
What are the four types of chemical formulas? -ANSWER ✔✔empirical,
molecular, structural, and condensed structural
Ionic vs Molecular Compounds -ANSWER ✔✔Ionic compouds = metal +
nonmetal (trans e-)
Molecular compounds = nonmental + nonmetal (share e-)
Nitrate -ANSWER ✔✔N03-
Nitrite -ANSWER ✔✔N02-
Carbonate -ANSWER ✔✔C0^2-_3
Bicarbonate -ANSWER ✔✔HC03-
Sulfate -ANSWER ✔✔S0^2-_4
AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT!!!
Question: What is the difference between an extensive property and an intensive
property?
Answer: ✔✔ An extensive property changes when the amount of matter changes
(such as mass, volume, and total length). An intensive property remains the same
regardless of the sample size (such as density, temperature, and material hardness).
Question: What are the fundamental rules for determining significant figures (sig
figs)?
Answer: ✔✔
1. All non-zero digits are always significant.
2. Zeros located between non-zero digits (captive zeros) are significant.
3. Leading zeros (zeros to the left of the first non-zero digit) are never
significant.
4. Trailing zeros (zeros at the end of a number) are only significant if a decimal
point is explicitly written in the number.
Question: What is the formula used to calculate Density?
Answer: ✔✔ Density measures how much mass is concentrated within a specific
amount of space, calculated using the equation:
$$\text{Density} = \frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Volume}}$$
Question: What do the laws of Conservation of Mass and Conservation of Energy
state?
Answer: ✔✔ These fundamental scientific principles state that neither matter nor
energy can be created or destroyed during a process; consequently, the total
,quantity of mass and energy remains entirely constant throughout any physical or
chemical transformation.
Question: What is the definition of the Law of Multiple Proportions?
Answer: ✔✔ When two elements unite to form more than one distinct compound,
the varying masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other
element can always be expressed as a ratio of small, whole numbers.
What evidence about atomic structure was revealed by the experiments of
Thomson -ANSWER ✔✔using cathode tubes to determine the existence of
electrons
What evidence about atomic structure was revealed by the experiments of Millikan
-ANSWER ✔✔oil drop experiments accurately measure the value of this
elementary charge, approximately 1.602×10-191.602e-19
What evidence about atomic structure was revealed by the experiments of
Rutherford -ANSWER ✔✔evidence that the atom consists mostly of space with a
tiny, dense, positively charged nucleus at its center
How to determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons from the symbol
on the periodic table -ANSWER ✔✔
How to find the average atomic mass -ANSWER ✔✔To calculate the average
atomic mass of an element:
* Multiply the mass of each isotope by its natural abundance (expressed as a
decimal).
* Sum the results from all isotopes.
, What is the value of Avagadro's Number and what does it do? -ANSWER
✔✔6.022e23
used to convert from mass to moles
Differentiate between ionic and molecular compounds. -ANSWER ✔✔* Ionic
compounds are formed by the transfer of electrons between a metal and a
nonmetal, creating a lattice of charged ions
* molecular compounds are formed by the sharing of electrons between nonmetals,
resulting in discrete, neutral molecules
What are the four types of chemical formulas? -ANSWER ✔✔empirical,
molecular, structural, and condensed structural
Ionic vs Molecular Compounds -ANSWER ✔✔Ionic compouds = metal +
nonmetal (trans e-)
Molecular compounds = nonmental + nonmetal (share e-)
Nitrate -ANSWER ✔✔N03-
Nitrite -ANSWER ✔✔N02-
Carbonate -ANSWER ✔✔C0^2-_3
Bicarbonate -ANSWER ✔✔HC03-
Sulfate -ANSWER ✔✔S0^2-_4
