Intro to Criminal Justice- Chapter 1 Exam Questions with correct Answers
crime - ✔✔Conduct in violation of the criminal laws of a local, state or federal government.
individual rights - ✔✔The rights guaranteed to all members of American society by the U.S. Constitution.
These rights are especially important to criminal defendants facing formal processing by the criminal
justice system.
individual rights advocate - ✔✔One who seeks to protect personal freedoms within the process of
criminal justice.
public order advocate - ✔✔One who believes that under certain circumstances involving a criminal
threat to public safety, the interests of society should take precedence over individual rights.
social justice - ✔✔An idea that embraces all aspects of civilizes life and that is linked to fundamental
notions of fairness and to cultural beliefs about right and wrong.
criminal justice - ✔✔In the strictest sense, the criminal (penal) law, the law of criminal procedure and
the array of procedures and activities having to do with the enforcement of this body of law. Criminal
justice cannot be separated from social justice because the kind of justice enacted in our nation's
criminal courts is a reflection of basic American understandings of right and wrong.
civil justice - ✔✔The civil law, the law of civil procedure and the array of procedures and activities
having to do with private rights and remedies sought by civil action. Civil justice cannot be separated
from social justice because the kind of justice enacted in our nation's civil courts is a reflection of basic
American understandings of right and wrong.
justice - ✔✔The principle of fairness; the idea of moral equity
criminal justice system - ✔✔The aggregate (the sum of all parts) of all operating, administrative and
technical support agencies that perform criminal justice functions. The basic divisions of the operational
aspects of criminal justice are law enforcement, courts and corrections.
, consensus model - ✔✔A criminal justice perspective that assumes that the system's sub components
work together harmoniously to achieve the social product we call justice.
conflict model - ✔✔A criminal justice perspective that assumes that the system's subcomponents
function primarily to serve their own interests. According to this theoretical framework, justice is more a
product of conflicts among agencies within the system than it is the result of cooperation among
component agencies
probable cause - ✔✔A set of facts and circumstances that would induce a reasonably intelligent and
prudent person to believe that a particular person has committed a specific crime. Also, reasonable
grounds to make or believe an accusation. Probable cause refers to the necessary level of belief that
would allow for police arrests of individuals and conduct searches of dwelling, vehicles and possessions
warrant - ✔✔A writ issued by a judicial officer to direct a law enforcement officer to perform a specified
act and to afford protection from damages if he or she performs it
Miranda decision - ✔✔A decision by the United States Supreme Court concerning the rights of persons
in police custody. In the case of Miranda versus Arizona, in 1966, the Court ruled that, before
questioning by the police, suspects must be informed that they have the right to remain silent and the
right to consult an attorney, and that anything they say may be used against them in court. The Miranda
ruling protects a suspect's Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination. The Miranda warning, a
written statement of these rights, is normally recited by a police officer before interrogating the suspect
in police custody.
booking - ✔✔A law enforcement or correctional administrative process officially recording an entry into
detention after arrest and identifying the person, the place, the time, the reason fro arrest and the
arresting authority.
bail - ✔✔The money or property pledged to the court or actually deposited with the court to effect the
release of a person from legal custody.
preliminary hearing - ✔✔A proceeding before a judicial officer in which three matters must be decided
(1) whether a crime was committed, (2) whether the crime occurred within the territorial jurisdiction of
the court and (3) whether there are reasonable grounds to believe that the defendant committed the
crime.
crime - ✔✔Conduct in violation of the criminal laws of a local, state or federal government.
individual rights - ✔✔The rights guaranteed to all members of American society by the U.S. Constitution.
These rights are especially important to criminal defendants facing formal processing by the criminal
justice system.
individual rights advocate - ✔✔One who seeks to protect personal freedoms within the process of
criminal justice.
public order advocate - ✔✔One who believes that under certain circumstances involving a criminal
threat to public safety, the interests of society should take precedence over individual rights.
social justice - ✔✔An idea that embraces all aspects of civilizes life and that is linked to fundamental
notions of fairness and to cultural beliefs about right and wrong.
criminal justice - ✔✔In the strictest sense, the criminal (penal) law, the law of criminal procedure and
the array of procedures and activities having to do with the enforcement of this body of law. Criminal
justice cannot be separated from social justice because the kind of justice enacted in our nation's
criminal courts is a reflection of basic American understandings of right and wrong.
civil justice - ✔✔The civil law, the law of civil procedure and the array of procedures and activities
having to do with private rights and remedies sought by civil action. Civil justice cannot be separated
from social justice because the kind of justice enacted in our nation's civil courts is a reflection of basic
American understandings of right and wrong.
justice - ✔✔The principle of fairness; the idea of moral equity
criminal justice system - ✔✔The aggregate (the sum of all parts) of all operating, administrative and
technical support agencies that perform criminal justice functions. The basic divisions of the operational
aspects of criminal justice are law enforcement, courts and corrections.
, consensus model - ✔✔A criminal justice perspective that assumes that the system's sub components
work together harmoniously to achieve the social product we call justice.
conflict model - ✔✔A criminal justice perspective that assumes that the system's subcomponents
function primarily to serve their own interests. According to this theoretical framework, justice is more a
product of conflicts among agencies within the system than it is the result of cooperation among
component agencies
probable cause - ✔✔A set of facts and circumstances that would induce a reasonably intelligent and
prudent person to believe that a particular person has committed a specific crime. Also, reasonable
grounds to make or believe an accusation. Probable cause refers to the necessary level of belief that
would allow for police arrests of individuals and conduct searches of dwelling, vehicles and possessions
warrant - ✔✔A writ issued by a judicial officer to direct a law enforcement officer to perform a specified
act and to afford protection from damages if he or she performs it
Miranda decision - ✔✔A decision by the United States Supreme Court concerning the rights of persons
in police custody. In the case of Miranda versus Arizona, in 1966, the Court ruled that, before
questioning by the police, suspects must be informed that they have the right to remain silent and the
right to consult an attorney, and that anything they say may be used against them in court. The Miranda
ruling protects a suspect's Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination. The Miranda warning, a
written statement of these rights, is normally recited by a police officer before interrogating the suspect
in police custody.
booking - ✔✔A law enforcement or correctional administrative process officially recording an entry into
detention after arrest and identifying the person, the place, the time, the reason fro arrest and the
arresting authority.
bail - ✔✔The money or property pledged to the court or actually deposited with the court to effect the
release of a person from legal custody.
preliminary hearing - ✔✔A proceeding before a judicial officer in which three matters must be decided
(1) whether a crime was committed, (2) whether the crime occurred within the territorial jurisdiction of
the court and (3) whether there are reasonable grounds to believe that the defendant committed the
crime.
