WGU D677 EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

WGU D677 EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 Reading natural or learned - Answers Learned and must be explicitly taught Writing natural or learned - Answers Learned and must be explicitly taught Literacy importance - Answers Supports learning, power, and participation in society Gutenberg printing press - Answers Increased access to written text Literacy as a right - Answers All individuals deserve access to literacy US literacy issue - Answers Literacy rates have remained stagnant Science of Reading - Answers Research on how the brain learns to read Science of Reading is NOT - Answers A program or product you can buy Science of Reading is NOT - Answers A single method, philosophy, or fad Science of Reading importance - Answers Ensures effective and equitable reading instruction Screening purpose - Answers Identify student needs early Progress monitoring purpose - Answers Track student growth and adjust instruction Simple View of Reading - Answers Decoding × Language Comprehension Decoding - Answers Reading words using phonics Language comprehension - Answers Understanding spoken language If decoding is weak - Answers Cannot read words If comprehension is weak - Answers Can read but not understand Orthographic processor - Answers Recognizes letters and word patterns Phonological processor - Answers Connects letters to sounds Meaning processor - Answers Assigns meaning to words Context processor - Answers Uses background knowledge and context Reading brain regions - Answers Frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital lobes Broca's area - Answers Speech production Planum temporale - Answers Language processing Cerebellum - Answers Supports coordination and automaticity Five pillars of literacy - Answers Phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, comprehension Phonemic awareness - Answers Hearing and manipulating sounds only (no letters) Phonics - Answers Connecting sounds to letters Fluency - Answers Reading with accuracy, rate, and prosody Vocabulary - Answers Understanding word meanings Comprehension - Answers Understanding text Phonological awareness - Answers Recognizing and manipulating sounds in spoken language Phonemic awareness focus - Answers Individual phonemes Phonemic awareness rule - Answers No letters involved Phonics rule - Answers Letters are involved Decoding - Answers Using phonics and phonemic awareness to read words Structured literacy - Answers Explicit, systematic, cumulative, and diagnostic instruction Explicit instruction - Answers Direct, clear teaching Systematic instruction - Answers Logical sequence of skills Cumulative instruction - Answers Builds on previously learned skills Diagnostic instruction - Answers Uses data to guide teaching Structured literacy systems - Answers Phonology, orthography, syntax, morphology, semantics, discourse Ladder of Reading 40-50% - Answers Learn easily Ladder of Reading 35% - Answers Need moderate instruction Ladder of Reading 10-15% - Answers Need explicit instruction Ladder of Reading 5% - Answers Need intensive support Reading sequence - Answers Phonemic awareness → phonics → orthographic mapping → fluency → comprehension Orthographic mapping - Answers Connecting sounds, letters, and meaning to store words in memory Orthographic mapping result - Answers Automatic word recognition Fluency components - Answers Accuracy, rate, prosody Fluency purpose - Answers Frees cognitive resources for comprehension Fluency misconception - Answers Fluency is not just speed Vocabulary Tier 1 - Answers Basic everyday words Vocabulary Tier 2 - Answers High-utility academic words Vocabulary Tier 3 - Answers Content-specific words Comprehension drivers - Answers Vocabulary and background knowledge Print awareness - Answers Print carries meaning and follows rules Print direction - Answers Left to right and top to bottom Print structure - Answers Letters form words and words form sentences Before reading print awareness - Answers Identify title, author, illustrator During reading print awareness - Answers Track print and notice punctuation and spacing After reading print awareness - Answers Identify letters, words, and retell Simple View of Writing - Answers Transcription × Composition Transcription - Answers Spelling, handwriting, and punctuation Composition - Answers Organizing ideas and forming sentences Writing conventions - Answers Grammar, punctuation, capitalization, spelling Writing process - Answers Think, plan, write, revise Writing process nature - Answers Cyclical Genres - Answers What the text is Text types - Answers How the text is written Narrative - Answers Tells a story Expository - Answers Explains or informs Persuasive - Answers Aims to convince the reader Descriptive - Answers Creates a clear picture with details Procedural - Answers Gives step-by-step directions Character - Answers A person in the story Setting - Answers Time and place Plot - Answers Sequence of events Conflict - Answers The problem in the story Solution - Answers How the problem is resolved