CETP - Speech Sound Development &
Disorders Questions with Correct
Answers 2026-2027
What is the difference between articulation and phonology? - CORRECT ANSWER --
Articulation is the production of individual sounds ("surface").
- Phonology is the knowledge of a language's sound system and patterns ("underlying").
What does marked and unmarked mean in the context of speech sound development? -
CORRECT ANSWER -
The term unmarked refers to sounds thatBare easier to acquire, while marked are not and devel
op later (cross-linguistically).
What is a distinctive features paradigm? - CORRECT ANSWER --
A distinctive feature is a unique characteristic of a phoneme that distinguishes it from another.
- It is a binary system where each sound is [+/-] a certain feature (e.g., voicing, stridency).
- Can be used to describe both vowels and consonants
What is the place-manner-voice paradigm? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Used to describe only consonants by:
-
Place of articulation: bilabial, labiodental, interdental, alveolar, palatal, velar, pharyngeal, glottal
.
- Manner of articulation: stops, fricatives, affricates, glides, liquids
- Voicing
What is the behavioural theory of articulatory acquisition? - CORRECT ANSWER --
Speech sounds are acquired like any other skill - through classic conditioning and learning.
, - A child's babbling is continuous and gradually shapes into adult forms.
What is the structural theory of articulatory acquisition? - CORRECT ANSWER --
A child begins with maximal contrasts (e.g., /p/ and /a/) and differentiates/fine-
tunes them into more subtle contrasts
- This development is innate, universal, and hierarchical
- There is discontinuity between child and adult forms.
What is the theory of natural phonology? - CORRECT ANSWER --
Phonological processes are innate, and we learn to suppress those that do not occur in our targ
et languages.
-
Children have these representations but any errors are due to output constraints (e.g., anatomy
) that lead to a simplified version of the adult model.
What is the theory of generative phonology? - CORRECT ANSWER --
Phonological descriptions are based on information from other linguistic levels.
- Transformational rules explain the difference between underlying and surface representations.
What is the theory of linear/non-linear phonology? - CORRECT ANSWER --
Linear phonology: sounds are discrete, independent sets of features and on the same level (equ
al).
- Non-
linear phonology: sounds and supralinguistic variables (stress, tone, prosody) are arranged in a h
ierarchy.
What is the phonation stage of speech production? - CORRECT ANSWER --
Between the ages of 0-1 months.
- Reflexive vocalizations (burping, coughing, crying); no speech sounds.
Disorders Questions with Correct
Answers 2026-2027
What is the difference between articulation and phonology? - CORRECT ANSWER --
Articulation is the production of individual sounds ("surface").
- Phonology is the knowledge of a language's sound system and patterns ("underlying").
What does marked and unmarked mean in the context of speech sound development? -
CORRECT ANSWER -
The term unmarked refers to sounds thatBare easier to acquire, while marked are not and devel
op later (cross-linguistically).
What is a distinctive features paradigm? - CORRECT ANSWER --
A distinctive feature is a unique characteristic of a phoneme that distinguishes it from another.
- It is a binary system where each sound is [+/-] a certain feature (e.g., voicing, stridency).
- Can be used to describe both vowels and consonants
What is the place-manner-voice paradigm? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Used to describe only consonants by:
-
Place of articulation: bilabial, labiodental, interdental, alveolar, palatal, velar, pharyngeal, glottal
.
- Manner of articulation: stops, fricatives, affricates, glides, liquids
- Voicing
What is the behavioural theory of articulatory acquisition? - CORRECT ANSWER --
Speech sounds are acquired like any other skill - through classic conditioning and learning.
, - A child's babbling is continuous and gradually shapes into adult forms.
What is the structural theory of articulatory acquisition? - CORRECT ANSWER --
A child begins with maximal contrasts (e.g., /p/ and /a/) and differentiates/fine-
tunes them into more subtle contrasts
- This development is innate, universal, and hierarchical
- There is discontinuity between child and adult forms.
What is the theory of natural phonology? - CORRECT ANSWER --
Phonological processes are innate, and we learn to suppress those that do not occur in our targ
et languages.
-
Children have these representations but any errors are due to output constraints (e.g., anatomy
) that lead to a simplified version of the adult model.
What is the theory of generative phonology? - CORRECT ANSWER --
Phonological descriptions are based on information from other linguistic levels.
- Transformational rules explain the difference between underlying and surface representations.
What is the theory of linear/non-linear phonology? - CORRECT ANSWER --
Linear phonology: sounds are discrete, independent sets of features and on the same level (equ
al).
- Non-
linear phonology: sounds and supralinguistic variables (stress, tone, prosody) are arranged in a h
ierarchy.
What is the phonation stage of speech production? - CORRECT ANSWER --
Between the ages of 0-1 months.
- Reflexive vocalizations (burping, coughing, crying); no speech sounds.
