COPE
COPE Health Scholars written exam
review
- ✅✅-INFECTION PREVENTION (MODULE 12)
False - ✅✅-True or False? Scholars may not enter Contact PLUS isolation rooms?
stands for Hospital Associated Infection.
leading cause of death in US
HAI is an infection that is transmitted in a healthcare or hospital setting from delivering
care - ✅✅-What does HAI stand for? define HAI
1) methicillin-resistant staphylococcus Aerus (MRSA)
2) Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)
3) Extended spectrum B-lactamase producing (ESBL)
4) Clostridium Difficile (C. Diff) - ✅✅-What are 4 examples of multi-drug resistant
organisms? aka antibiotic resistant
Tier 1: Standard Precautions: protect all patients regardless of diagnoses
Tier 2: Transmission Based Precaution: Precautions healthcare staff must take in order
to protect from being infected by patient with a known infection
Tier 3: Patient Protective Precaution: Immune compromised patients that need to be
safeguarded from environment - ✅✅-What are the 3 levels of Infection Prevention in
health care setting?
1) Newborn babies (especially premature babies)
Remember they do not have the necessary antibodies and have weak cell-mediated
immunity
2) elderly: have a slower immune system, that does not respond very quickly to
infectious agents upon their entry
COPE Health Scholars written exam review
,COPE
3) Surgical patients: tissue exposure during surgery that serves as a portal entry for
infectious agents
4) immune compromised (HIV/AIDS, chemotherapy patients, organ transplant)
5) seriously ill patients (chemotherapy, HIV/AID, organ transplant)
6) physically and nutritionally depleted patients who are not getting essential nutrients
and minerals and energy to develop a strong immune system - ✅✅-Give 6 examples
of the types of patients considered immune-comprised patients
All bodily fluids are potentially infectious - ✅✅-What is the central premise of Standard
precautions?
*amniotic fluid,
*pleural fluid (from excess build-up fluid in pleural cavity of lungs)
*pericardial fluid (excess build up fluid in sac-like structure surrounding heart, the
pericardium) *sputum
*nasal secretion
*blood
*non-intact skin
*saliva
*semen
*vaginal fluids - ✅✅-Name a few examples of bodily fluids
1) contact (either direct or indirect) : any skin to skin contact with patient, gown,
surfaces patient has touches.
2) droplet: infectious agent that transmits infection when they travel from respiratory
tract from infected individual via sneezing or coughing to susceptible mucosal surfaces
of recipient (less than 3 feet away)
3) airborne: via contaminated dust particles or minute droplet nuclei (can be
transmitted more than 3 feet away) - ✅✅-What are the 3 types of transmission based
precautions
1) Streptococcus
2) staphylococcus
COPE Health Scholars written exam review
,COPE
3) Tuberculosis - ✅✅-Give examples of common bacterial infections
1) HIV --> AIDS
2) Epstein-Barre syndrome
3) Influenza virus
4) Hepatitis B - ✅✅-Give examples of common viral infections
Pharyngitis (strep throat), toxic shock syndrome, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, skin
infections - ✅✅-What are complications that result from being infected with
Streptococcus?
mild skin infections (pimples, impetigo), meningitis, endocarditis, and pneumonia ✅✅-
What are some complication that result from being infected with Staphylococcus? aka
toxic shock syndrome
coughing up blood, known as respiratory illness that causes progressive lung damage,
fever, night sweats, weight loss. It can also effect many organs including the kidneys
and intestines - ✅✅-What are some complications that result from being infected with
TB?
AIDS is a complication of HIV. This basically means that the infected individual has lost
cell-mediated immunity (the person's innate immune system) and are therefore way
more vulnerable to opportunistic infections.
AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome - ✅✅-What is AIDS?
causes irreversible liver damage, due to inflammation of liver. (Cirrhosis)
Transmitted mainly through sexual contact, sharing needles, or other drug equipment,
or even from mother to baby - ✅✅-What does Hepatitis B cause/complications? How is it
transmitted?
HIV is transmitted via blood, rectal fluid, vaginal fluid, semen, breast milk in mother.
These fluids must come into contact w/ a mucous membrane or damaged tissue or be
directly injected into the bloodstream - ✅✅-How is HIV transmitted, and what are some
other complications besides AIDS?
COPE Health Scholars written exam review
, COPE
First off it is a herpesvirus that infects B cells of immune system
Can cause Burkitt's lymphoma: large tumors in facial and abdominal regions (cancer of
lymphatic system)
Can also cause Infectious Mononucleosis: known as "kissing disease" transmitted
through saliva. It can cause fever, fatigue, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes ✅✅-
What does Epstein-Barre syndrome cause/complications?
First off it is an enveloped virus that can undergo rapid changes. This is also why there
is annual renewal of the vaccine, because the vaccine of the previous year is not
effective.
Complications: can cause fatal bacterial superinfections especially in young children ✅✅-
What complications result from Influenza virus?
Hepatitis B, C and HIV
Can be transmitted during recapping needles, and cuts from contaminated sharp
instruments. Also blood splash exposures (via the eyes, skin, nose or mouth) ✅✅-Give
examples of bloodborne pathogens. How can bloodborne pathogens be transmitted?
False - ✅✅-T or F? It is completely okay to bring flowers and fresh fruit in neutropenic
isolation rooms (patient-protection precaution)
True. You must wash your hands with soap and water, because hand sanitizer will not
kill contact PLUS pathogens such as C. diff - ✅✅-T or F? Alcohol rub/antimicrobial hand
sanitizer is NOT appropriate hand hygiene when entering and leaving Contact PLUS
isolation rooms (aka Contact Enteric Isolation Rooms)
1) Environmental cleaning: disinfecting patient areas and non-porous surfaces that
infected patient have touched. Generally cleaning is essential however
2) Patient Placement: place patient who contaminate the environment or cannot
maintain proper hygiene in private room
3) Positive or Negative Air Flow Room/ Units - ✅✅-What are some environmental
controls that can be taken to limit transmission?
COPE Health Scholars written exam review
COPE Health Scholars written exam
review
- ✅✅-INFECTION PREVENTION (MODULE 12)
False - ✅✅-True or False? Scholars may not enter Contact PLUS isolation rooms?
stands for Hospital Associated Infection.
leading cause of death in US
HAI is an infection that is transmitted in a healthcare or hospital setting from delivering
care - ✅✅-What does HAI stand for? define HAI
1) methicillin-resistant staphylococcus Aerus (MRSA)
2) Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)
3) Extended spectrum B-lactamase producing (ESBL)
4) Clostridium Difficile (C. Diff) - ✅✅-What are 4 examples of multi-drug resistant
organisms? aka antibiotic resistant
Tier 1: Standard Precautions: protect all patients regardless of diagnoses
Tier 2: Transmission Based Precaution: Precautions healthcare staff must take in order
to protect from being infected by patient with a known infection
Tier 3: Patient Protective Precaution: Immune compromised patients that need to be
safeguarded from environment - ✅✅-What are the 3 levels of Infection Prevention in
health care setting?
1) Newborn babies (especially premature babies)
Remember they do not have the necessary antibodies and have weak cell-mediated
immunity
2) elderly: have a slower immune system, that does not respond very quickly to
infectious agents upon their entry
COPE Health Scholars written exam review
,COPE
3) Surgical patients: tissue exposure during surgery that serves as a portal entry for
infectious agents
4) immune compromised (HIV/AIDS, chemotherapy patients, organ transplant)
5) seriously ill patients (chemotherapy, HIV/AID, organ transplant)
6) physically and nutritionally depleted patients who are not getting essential nutrients
and minerals and energy to develop a strong immune system - ✅✅-Give 6 examples
of the types of patients considered immune-comprised patients
All bodily fluids are potentially infectious - ✅✅-What is the central premise of Standard
precautions?
*amniotic fluid,
*pleural fluid (from excess build-up fluid in pleural cavity of lungs)
*pericardial fluid (excess build up fluid in sac-like structure surrounding heart, the
pericardium) *sputum
*nasal secretion
*blood
*non-intact skin
*saliva
*semen
*vaginal fluids - ✅✅-Name a few examples of bodily fluids
1) contact (either direct or indirect) : any skin to skin contact with patient, gown,
surfaces patient has touches.
2) droplet: infectious agent that transmits infection when they travel from respiratory
tract from infected individual via sneezing or coughing to susceptible mucosal surfaces
of recipient (less than 3 feet away)
3) airborne: via contaminated dust particles or minute droplet nuclei (can be
transmitted more than 3 feet away) - ✅✅-What are the 3 types of transmission based
precautions
1) Streptococcus
2) staphylococcus
COPE Health Scholars written exam review
,COPE
3) Tuberculosis - ✅✅-Give examples of common bacterial infections
1) HIV --> AIDS
2) Epstein-Barre syndrome
3) Influenza virus
4) Hepatitis B - ✅✅-Give examples of common viral infections
Pharyngitis (strep throat), toxic shock syndrome, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, skin
infections - ✅✅-What are complications that result from being infected with
Streptococcus?
mild skin infections (pimples, impetigo), meningitis, endocarditis, and pneumonia ✅✅-
What are some complication that result from being infected with Staphylococcus? aka
toxic shock syndrome
coughing up blood, known as respiratory illness that causes progressive lung damage,
fever, night sweats, weight loss. It can also effect many organs including the kidneys
and intestines - ✅✅-What are some complications that result from being infected with
TB?
AIDS is a complication of HIV. This basically means that the infected individual has lost
cell-mediated immunity (the person's innate immune system) and are therefore way
more vulnerable to opportunistic infections.
AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome - ✅✅-What is AIDS?
causes irreversible liver damage, due to inflammation of liver. (Cirrhosis)
Transmitted mainly through sexual contact, sharing needles, or other drug equipment,
or even from mother to baby - ✅✅-What does Hepatitis B cause/complications? How is it
transmitted?
HIV is transmitted via blood, rectal fluid, vaginal fluid, semen, breast milk in mother.
These fluids must come into contact w/ a mucous membrane or damaged tissue or be
directly injected into the bloodstream - ✅✅-How is HIV transmitted, and what are some
other complications besides AIDS?
COPE Health Scholars written exam review
, COPE
First off it is a herpesvirus that infects B cells of immune system
Can cause Burkitt's lymphoma: large tumors in facial and abdominal regions (cancer of
lymphatic system)
Can also cause Infectious Mononucleosis: known as "kissing disease" transmitted
through saliva. It can cause fever, fatigue, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes ✅✅-
What does Epstein-Barre syndrome cause/complications?
First off it is an enveloped virus that can undergo rapid changes. This is also why there
is annual renewal of the vaccine, because the vaccine of the previous year is not
effective.
Complications: can cause fatal bacterial superinfections especially in young children ✅✅-
What complications result from Influenza virus?
Hepatitis B, C and HIV
Can be transmitted during recapping needles, and cuts from contaminated sharp
instruments. Also blood splash exposures (via the eyes, skin, nose or mouth) ✅✅-Give
examples of bloodborne pathogens. How can bloodborne pathogens be transmitted?
False - ✅✅-T or F? It is completely okay to bring flowers and fresh fruit in neutropenic
isolation rooms (patient-protection precaution)
True. You must wash your hands with soap and water, because hand sanitizer will not
kill contact PLUS pathogens such as C. diff - ✅✅-T or F? Alcohol rub/antimicrobial hand
sanitizer is NOT appropriate hand hygiene when entering and leaving Contact PLUS
isolation rooms (aka Contact Enteric Isolation Rooms)
1) Environmental cleaning: disinfecting patient areas and non-porous surfaces that
infected patient have touched. Generally cleaning is essential however
2) Patient Placement: place patient who contaminate the environment or cannot
maintain proper hygiene in private room
3) Positive or Negative Air Flow Room/ Units - ✅✅-What are some environmental
controls that can be taken to limit transmission?
COPE Health Scholars written exam review
