CISSN EVALUATION LATEST EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?
Where does the Krebs cycle occur in the cell? - ✔✔- Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm
of the cell (sarcoplasm in muscle cells)
- Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondria of the cell
✔✔The body is unable to oxidize the nitrogen component of which macromolecule? -
✔✔Protein
✔✔What prepares the fatty acids to enter the Krebs cycle? - ✔✔Beta-oxidation
✔✔What is the primary fate of lactate upon the cessation of intense exercise? -
✔✔Lactate in blood travels to the liver to undergo gluconeogenesis via Cori cycle
✔✔What is a waxy maize starch and what effect does it have on blood glucose? -
✔✔Carbohydrates derived from corn (i.e. maize) that contain large quantities of
amylopectin starch. It is slow digesting and blunts the rise in blood glucose levels from
its consumption
, ✔✔What effect does long-term coffee consumption have on Type II Diabetes? -
✔✔Long-term coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of developing Type II
diabetes
✔✔What is the process of glycogen synthesis called? - ✔✔Glycogenesis
✔✔What is the main function of carbohydrates? - ✔✔Cellular fuel
✔✔Describe the difference between glycemic load and glycemic index - ✔✔GI ranks
food from 1-100 based on how quickly it is digested and absorbed. GL takes the amount
of carbohydrate in a single serving into account in addition to the GI
✔✔What is/are the mechanism(s) for caffeine's ergogenic effect during exercise? -
✔✔Caffeine acts to compete with adenosine at its receptor sites on nerves; affects
substrate utilization during exercise by decreasing reliance on glycogen and increasing
free fatty acid mobilization; increases secretion of beta-endorphins; promotes
thermogenesis
✔✔How does dietary fiber reduce the amount of food that may be absorbed? -
✔✔Soluble Fiber can block the absorption of nutrients by creating a viscous gel.
Insoluble fiber speeds the passage of foods through the stomach and intestines.
✔✔What is the effect of carbohydrate consumption before vs. during exercise? -
✔✔•Before exercise - tops off muscle glycogen stores
•During exercise - helps maintain blood glucose levels
✔✔Give examples of mono-, di-, and polysaccharides - ✔✔•Monosaccharides: Glucose,
fructose, galactose
•Disaccharides: Sucrose, maltose, lactose
•Polysaccharides: Starch, fiber, maltodextrin, high fructose corn syrup, corn syrup
✔✔Why is carbohydrate considered the preferred fuel source for intense exercise? -
✔✔It can be metabolized at a higher rate than either fats or proteins. When exercise is
intense, ATP is needed at a high rate to sustain it.
✔✔What are the effects of caffeine on metabolism? - ✔✔Caffeine increases the rate of
fat oxidation
✔✔What are the effects of glycogen storage on body mass? That is, how much water is
stored with glycogen (gram for gram)? - ✔✔3 grams of water are stored with each 1
gram of glycogen stored in muscle.
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?
Where does the Krebs cycle occur in the cell? - ✔✔- Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm
of the cell (sarcoplasm in muscle cells)
- Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondria of the cell
✔✔The body is unable to oxidize the nitrogen component of which macromolecule? -
✔✔Protein
✔✔What prepares the fatty acids to enter the Krebs cycle? - ✔✔Beta-oxidation
✔✔What is the primary fate of lactate upon the cessation of intense exercise? -
✔✔Lactate in blood travels to the liver to undergo gluconeogenesis via Cori cycle
✔✔What is a waxy maize starch and what effect does it have on blood glucose? -
✔✔Carbohydrates derived from corn (i.e. maize) that contain large quantities of
amylopectin starch. It is slow digesting and blunts the rise in blood glucose levels from
its consumption
, ✔✔What effect does long-term coffee consumption have on Type II Diabetes? -
✔✔Long-term coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of developing Type II
diabetes
✔✔What is the process of glycogen synthesis called? - ✔✔Glycogenesis
✔✔What is the main function of carbohydrates? - ✔✔Cellular fuel
✔✔Describe the difference between glycemic load and glycemic index - ✔✔GI ranks
food from 1-100 based on how quickly it is digested and absorbed. GL takes the amount
of carbohydrate in a single serving into account in addition to the GI
✔✔What is/are the mechanism(s) for caffeine's ergogenic effect during exercise? -
✔✔Caffeine acts to compete with adenosine at its receptor sites on nerves; affects
substrate utilization during exercise by decreasing reliance on glycogen and increasing
free fatty acid mobilization; increases secretion of beta-endorphins; promotes
thermogenesis
✔✔How does dietary fiber reduce the amount of food that may be absorbed? -
✔✔Soluble Fiber can block the absorption of nutrients by creating a viscous gel.
Insoluble fiber speeds the passage of foods through the stomach and intestines.
✔✔What is the effect of carbohydrate consumption before vs. during exercise? -
✔✔•Before exercise - tops off muscle glycogen stores
•During exercise - helps maintain blood glucose levels
✔✔Give examples of mono-, di-, and polysaccharides - ✔✔•Monosaccharides: Glucose,
fructose, galactose
•Disaccharides: Sucrose, maltose, lactose
•Polysaccharides: Starch, fiber, maltodextrin, high fructose corn syrup, corn syrup
✔✔Why is carbohydrate considered the preferred fuel source for intense exercise? -
✔✔It can be metabolized at a higher rate than either fats or proteins. When exercise is
intense, ATP is needed at a high rate to sustain it.
✔✔What are the effects of caffeine on metabolism? - ✔✔Caffeine increases the rate of
fat oxidation
✔✔What are the effects of glycogen storage on body mass? That is, how much water is
stored with glycogen (gram for gram)? - ✔✔3 grams of water are stored with each 1
gram of glycogen stored in muscle.
