ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE QUESTIONS /
CARDIO / RESP QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED
AND 100% ACCURATE ANSWERS
Which statement best differentiates cardiac afterload from cardiac
preload?
1. Cardiac afterload is the volume of blood in the heart at the end of
diastole.
2. Cardiac afterload is the amount of resistance that the ventricle must
overcome.
3. Cardiac afterload is the factor that affects cardiac output.
4. Cardiac afterload is the amount of blood that enters the right atrium.
Correct Answers 2. Cardiac afterload is the amount of resistance that the
ventricle must overcome.
1. Cardiac preload is referred to as the volume of blood in the heart at
the end of diastole.
2. Cardiac afterload is referred to as the amount of resistance that the
ventricle must overcome to pump blood out of the heart.
3. Cardiac preload factors affect cardiac output. They often occur before
contraction.
4. Cardiac preload refers to the volume of blood that enters the right
atrium from the venous system.
pg 373
,How is stage C heart failure different from other stages of heart failure,
according to the American College of Cardiology/American Heart
Association classification?
1. Clients will have unidentifiable structural or functional heart
abnormalities.
2. Clients may develop structural heart disease associated with heart
failure.
3. Clients may have current or prior symptoms of heart failure.
4. Clients may have advanced structural heart disease. Correct Answers
3. Clients may have current or prior symptoms of heart failure.
1. Clients who have no identifiable structural or functional abnormalities
are classified under stage A heart failure.
2. Clients who have developed structural heart disease strongly
associated with heart failure are classified under stage B heart failure.
3. Clients with current or prior symptoms of heart failure associated
with underlying structural heart disease are classified under stage C
heart failure.
4. Clients with advanced structural heart disease and marked symptoms
of heart failure are classified under stage D heart failure.
pg 395
Heart failure is classified into four different stages by the American
College of Cardiology/American Heart Association. How is the
,condition of a client in stage B different from the condition of clients in
other stages?
1. The client in stage B is supported by a mechanical circulatory assist
device.
2. The client in stage B is undergoing treatment for prior symptoms of
heart failure.
3. The client in stage B has a history of a previous myocardial
infarction.
4. The client with diabetes mellitus has a family history of
cardiomyopathy. Correct Answers 3. The client in stage B has a history
of a previous myocardial infarction.
1. A client diagnosed with heart failure that is supported by a
mechanical circulatory assist device and a client who is frequently
hospitalized for heart failure is categorized under stage D heart failure.
2. A client undergoing treatment for prior symptoms of heart failure and
fatigue caused by systolic dysfunction is categorized under stage C heart
failure.
3. A client with a previous myocardial infarction and asymptomatic
heart disease is categorized under stage B heart failure.
4. A client with diabetes mellitus and a family history of
cardiomyopathy is categorized under stage A heart disease.
pg 395
, A client 50 years of age is diagnosed with Class III (moderate) heart
failure. How is Class III heart failure different from other classes of
heart failure in the client, according to the New York Association of
Classification of Heart Failure?
1. The client with Class III (moderate) heart failure will feel comfortable
with ordinary physical activity.
2. The client with Class III (moderate) heart failure will feel fatigue and
palpitations but only with ordinary activity.
3. The client with Class III (moderate) heart failure will have symptoms
such as fatigue, palpitations, or dyspnea while doing less than normal
physical activities.
4. The client with Class III (moderate) heart failure will be unable to
carry out physical activities comfortably. Correct Answers 3. The client
with Class III (moderate) heart failure will have symptoms such as
fatigue, palpitations, or dyspnea while doing less than normal physical
activities.
1. The client with Class II (mild) heart failure will feel comfortable with
ordinary physical activity.
2. The client with Class I (mild) heart failure will not experience fatigue,
palpitations, or dyspnea while doing ordinary physical activity.
3. The client with Class III (moderate) heart failure will experience
fatigue, palpitations, or dyspnea while doing less than ordinary physical
activities but may be comfortable at rest.
4. The client with Class IV (severe) heart failure may not be able to
carry out any physical activities comfortably. The client may have
symptoms of cardiac insufficiency at rest.
CARDIO / RESP QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED
AND 100% ACCURATE ANSWERS
Which statement best differentiates cardiac afterload from cardiac
preload?
1. Cardiac afterload is the volume of blood in the heart at the end of
diastole.
2. Cardiac afterload is the amount of resistance that the ventricle must
overcome.
3. Cardiac afterload is the factor that affects cardiac output.
4. Cardiac afterload is the amount of blood that enters the right atrium.
Correct Answers 2. Cardiac afterload is the amount of resistance that the
ventricle must overcome.
1. Cardiac preload is referred to as the volume of blood in the heart at
the end of diastole.
2. Cardiac afterload is referred to as the amount of resistance that the
ventricle must overcome to pump blood out of the heart.
3. Cardiac preload factors affect cardiac output. They often occur before
contraction.
4. Cardiac preload refers to the volume of blood that enters the right
atrium from the venous system.
pg 373
,How is stage C heart failure different from other stages of heart failure,
according to the American College of Cardiology/American Heart
Association classification?
1. Clients will have unidentifiable structural or functional heart
abnormalities.
2. Clients may develop structural heart disease associated with heart
failure.
3. Clients may have current or prior symptoms of heart failure.
4. Clients may have advanced structural heart disease. Correct Answers
3. Clients may have current or prior symptoms of heart failure.
1. Clients who have no identifiable structural or functional abnormalities
are classified under stage A heart failure.
2. Clients who have developed structural heart disease strongly
associated with heart failure are classified under stage B heart failure.
3. Clients with current or prior symptoms of heart failure associated
with underlying structural heart disease are classified under stage C
heart failure.
4. Clients with advanced structural heart disease and marked symptoms
of heart failure are classified under stage D heart failure.
pg 395
Heart failure is classified into four different stages by the American
College of Cardiology/American Heart Association. How is the
,condition of a client in stage B different from the condition of clients in
other stages?
1. The client in stage B is supported by a mechanical circulatory assist
device.
2. The client in stage B is undergoing treatment for prior symptoms of
heart failure.
3. The client in stage B has a history of a previous myocardial
infarction.
4. The client with diabetes mellitus has a family history of
cardiomyopathy. Correct Answers 3. The client in stage B has a history
of a previous myocardial infarction.
1. A client diagnosed with heart failure that is supported by a
mechanical circulatory assist device and a client who is frequently
hospitalized for heart failure is categorized under stage D heart failure.
2. A client undergoing treatment for prior symptoms of heart failure and
fatigue caused by systolic dysfunction is categorized under stage C heart
failure.
3. A client with a previous myocardial infarction and asymptomatic
heart disease is categorized under stage B heart failure.
4. A client with diabetes mellitus and a family history of
cardiomyopathy is categorized under stage A heart disease.
pg 395
, A client 50 years of age is diagnosed with Class III (moderate) heart
failure. How is Class III heart failure different from other classes of
heart failure in the client, according to the New York Association of
Classification of Heart Failure?
1. The client with Class III (moderate) heart failure will feel comfortable
with ordinary physical activity.
2. The client with Class III (moderate) heart failure will feel fatigue and
palpitations but only with ordinary activity.
3. The client with Class III (moderate) heart failure will have symptoms
such as fatigue, palpitations, or dyspnea while doing less than normal
physical activities.
4. The client with Class III (moderate) heart failure will be unable to
carry out physical activities comfortably. Correct Answers 3. The client
with Class III (moderate) heart failure will have symptoms such as
fatigue, palpitations, or dyspnea while doing less than normal physical
activities.
1. The client with Class II (mild) heart failure will feel comfortable with
ordinary physical activity.
2. The client with Class I (mild) heart failure will not experience fatigue,
palpitations, or dyspnea while doing ordinary physical activity.
3. The client with Class III (moderate) heart failure will experience
fatigue, palpitations, or dyspnea while doing less than ordinary physical
activities but may be comfortable at rest.
4. The client with Class IV (severe) heart failure may not be able to
carry out any physical activities comfortably. The client may have
symptoms of cardiac insufficiency at rest.
