NASM CES CORE MAIN EXAMINATION
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Possible injuries with lower extremity movement impairment syndrome - ✔✔plantar
fascitis, post. tibialis tendinitis, Ant. knee pain, low back pain
✔✔What are common characteristics of upper extremity movement impairment
syndrome - ✔✔rounded shoulders, forward head posture, improper scapulothoracic or
glenohumeral kinematics during functional movements
✔✔What muscles are tight/overactive in upper extremity movement impairment
syndrome - ✔✔Pec major/minor, Ant. deltoid, Subscapularis, Latissimus dorsi, levator
scapulae, upper trapezius, teres major, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, rectus capitis
✔✔What muscles are weak/underactive in upper extremity movement impairment
syndrome - ✔✔rhomboids, lower trapezius, post. deltoid, teres minor, infraspinatus,
serratus anterior, longus coli/capitis
✔✔What are common joint dysfunctions in upper extremity movement impairment
syndrome - ✔✔sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint, cervical and thoracic facet
joints
, ✔✔What are potential injuries in upper extremity movement impairment syndrome -
✔✔rotator cuff impingement, shoulder instability, biceps tendinitis, thoracic outlet
syndrome, headaches
✔✔What is static posture - ✔✔how individuals physically present themselves in stance.
it is reflected in the alignment of the body
✔✔What is dynamic posture - ✔✔how an individual is able to maintain posture while
performing functional tasks
✔✔What are the 5 main factors that contribute to postural imbalance - ✔✔1. habitual
movement patterns
2. altered movement patterns from repetitive movement
3. altered movement patterns from injury
4. altered movement patterns from surgery
5. altered movement patterns from incompletely rehabilitated injuries
✔✔What are the 3 basic compensatory patterns indwntified by Janda - ✔✔1. lower
crossed syndrome
2. upper crossed syndrome
3. pronation distortion syndrome
✔✔What are the characteristics of lower crossed syndrome - ✔✔anterior pelvic tilt,
increased lumbar lordosis
✔✔what muscles are shortened in lower crossed syndrome - ✔✔gastrocnemius, soleus,
hip flexors, adductors, latissimus dorsi, erector spinae
✔✔what muscles are lengthened in lower crossed syndrome - ✔✔anterior/posterior
tibialis, glute max/med, transverse abdominis, internal oblique
✔✔what are 3 possible injuries with lower crossed syndrome - ✔✔1. hamstring strain
2. ant knee pain
3. low back pain
✔✔what are the characteristics of upper crossed syndrome - ✔✔rounded shoulders and
forward head posture
✔✔what muscles are short in upper crossed syndrome - ✔✔puper trapezius, levator
scapulae, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, latissimus dorsi, teres major, subscapularis,
pec major/minor
✔✔what muscles are lengthened in upper crossed syndrome - ✔✔deep cervical flexors,
serratus anterior, rhomboids, mid trapezius, lower trapezius, teres minor, infraspinatus
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Possible injuries with lower extremity movement impairment syndrome - ✔✔plantar
fascitis, post. tibialis tendinitis, Ant. knee pain, low back pain
✔✔What are common characteristics of upper extremity movement impairment
syndrome - ✔✔rounded shoulders, forward head posture, improper scapulothoracic or
glenohumeral kinematics during functional movements
✔✔What muscles are tight/overactive in upper extremity movement impairment
syndrome - ✔✔Pec major/minor, Ant. deltoid, Subscapularis, Latissimus dorsi, levator
scapulae, upper trapezius, teres major, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, rectus capitis
✔✔What muscles are weak/underactive in upper extremity movement impairment
syndrome - ✔✔rhomboids, lower trapezius, post. deltoid, teres minor, infraspinatus,
serratus anterior, longus coli/capitis
✔✔What are common joint dysfunctions in upper extremity movement impairment
syndrome - ✔✔sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint, cervical and thoracic facet
joints
, ✔✔What are potential injuries in upper extremity movement impairment syndrome -
✔✔rotator cuff impingement, shoulder instability, biceps tendinitis, thoracic outlet
syndrome, headaches
✔✔What is static posture - ✔✔how individuals physically present themselves in stance.
it is reflected in the alignment of the body
✔✔What is dynamic posture - ✔✔how an individual is able to maintain posture while
performing functional tasks
✔✔What are the 5 main factors that contribute to postural imbalance - ✔✔1. habitual
movement patterns
2. altered movement patterns from repetitive movement
3. altered movement patterns from injury
4. altered movement patterns from surgery
5. altered movement patterns from incompletely rehabilitated injuries
✔✔What are the 3 basic compensatory patterns indwntified by Janda - ✔✔1. lower
crossed syndrome
2. upper crossed syndrome
3. pronation distortion syndrome
✔✔What are the characteristics of lower crossed syndrome - ✔✔anterior pelvic tilt,
increased lumbar lordosis
✔✔what muscles are shortened in lower crossed syndrome - ✔✔gastrocnemius, soleus,
hip flexors, adductors, latissimus dorsi, erector spinae
✔✔what muscles are lengthened in lower crossed syndrome - ✔✔anterior/posterior
tibialis, glute max/med, transverse abdominis, internal oblique
✔✔what are 3 possible injuries with lower crossed syndrome - ✔✔1. hamstring strain
2. ant knee pain
3. low back pain
✔✔what are the characteristics of upper crossed syndrome - ✔✔rounded shoulders and
forward head posture
✔✔what muscles are short in upper crossed syndrome - ✔✔puper trapezius, levator
scapulae, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, latissimus dorsi, teres major, subscapularis,
pec major/minor
✔✔what muscles are lengthened in upper crossed syndrome - ✔✔deep cervical flexors,
serratus anterior, rhomboids, mid trapezius, lower trapezius, teres minor, infraspinatus
