Mcb3023 Exam 2 Practice Questions
and All Correct Answers 2026-2027
Updated.
Which of these would a signal peptide be used for in bacteria? - Answer To move a protein to
the outside of the cell
Which of these is a point mutation that results in changing a codon from an amino acid codon
to a stop codon? - Answer nonsense
Initiation of translation in bacteria starts with the binding of the ribosome to the mRNA
molecule. The ribosomal binding site is nearer the _________ end of the mRNA molecule and is
called the ________. - Answer 5' end; Shine-Dalgarno sequence
The mRNA of bacterial cells is often polycistronic. What does this term mean? - Answer It
contains the code for multiple peptides
After the translational process the polypeptide folds into the appropriate conformation for
proper functioning. What group of proteins aids in protein folding? - Answer chaperonins
Bacteriophages vary in their ability to infect different strains of bacteria. This is because some
bacteria contain _________ __________ that cut the phage DNA after it enters the cell. -
Answer restriction endonucleases
Compared to the eukaryal genome, the bacterial genome: - Answer contains usually one
chromosome and most genes occur in a single copy
Term for the transfer of donor DNA to a recipient bacterium via a bacteriophage - Answer
transduction
Under what conditions will two different plasmids be incompatible? - Answer If they use
similar methods of replication initiation (ori)
Escherichia coli strain K12 is considered a wild-type strain and does not have any nutritional
vitamin requirements. What term applies to this strain? - Answer A prototroph
What sized fragments will be generated by cutting DNA with a four base pair-recognition
restriction endonuclease if we assume equal A-T and C-G richness within the DNA? - Answer
roughly 250 bp
, The sequencing method which uses detection of pyrophosphate liberated when nucleotides are
added to a growing DNA chain is called: - Answer Pyrosequencing
Which of these is TRUE regarding horizontal gene transfer? - Answer It is always occurring in
nature
Which of these is another term for the Sanger method of DNA sequencing? - Answer dideoxy
sequencing
What are paralogs? - Answer Genes that arise from a duplication event in an organism
How do nucleotides connect to adjacent nucleotides in the Watson-Crick model of DNA? -
Answer Via a covalent bond between the 3' hydroxyl of one nucleotide and the 5' phosphate
of the other.
What did the experiment by Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty in 1944 with the R and S strains of
Streptococcus pneumoniae demonstrate? - Answer DNA was the genetic material in cells.
What is the first protein to bind to the oriC region of the DNA molecule to start the replication
process? - Answer DnaA
Which of these is a term for a point mutation that results in a change in the amino acid
specificity of the codon and the synthesized polypeptide? - Answer missense
For the initiation of transcription in bacteria, RNA polymerase binds to what region on the
gene? - Answer promoter
The DNA replication process in Archaea more closely resembles that in: - Answer Eukarya
What is the sigma factor of the RNA polymerase holoenzyme responsible for? - Answer
recognition of the promoter region
A bacterium that can synthesize all organic molecules needed for its growth from one carbon
molecule, e.g. glucose, is known as a/an: - Answer prototroph
Suppose a microbe has died and lysed, exposing its DNA to the environment. Some of this DNA
was taken up by another unrelated microbe and incorporated into its genome. This is an
example of which process? - Answer horizontal gene transfer
and All Correct Answers 2026-2027
Updated.
Which of these would a signal peptide be used for in bacteria? - Answer To move a protein to
the outside of the cell
Which of these is a point mutation that results in changing a codon from an amino acid codon
to a stop codon? - Answer nonsense
Initiation of translation in bacteria starts with the binding of the ribosome to the mRNA
molecule. The ribosomal binding site is nearer the _________ end of the mRNA molecule and is
called the ________. - Answer 5' end; Shine-Dalgarno sequence
The mRNA of bacterial cells is often polycistronic. What does this term mean? - Answer It
contains the code for multiple peptides
After the translational process the polypeptide folds into the appropriate conformation for
proper functioning. What group of proteins aids in protein folding? - Answer chaperonins
Bacteriophages vary in their ability to infect different strains of bacteria. This is because some
bacteria contain _________ __________ that cut the phage DNA after it enters the cell. -
Answer restriction endonucleases
Compared to the eukaryal genome, the bacterial genome: - Answer contains usually one
chromosome and most genes occur in a single copy
Term for the transfer of donor DNA to a recipient bacterium via a bacteriophage - Answer
transduction
Under what conditions will two different plasmids be incompatible? - Answer If they use
similar methods of replication initiation (ori)
Escherichia coli strain K12 is considered a wild-type strain and does not have any nutritional
vitamin requirements. What term applies to this strain? - Answer A prototroph
What sized fragments will be generated by cutting DNA with a four base pair-recognition
restriction endonuclease if we assume equal A-T and C-G richness within the DNA? - Answer
roughly 250 bp
, The sequencing method which uses detection of pyrophosphate liberated when nucleotides are
added to a growing DNA chain is called: - Answer Pyrosequencing
Which of these is TRUE regarding horizontal gene transfer? - Answer It is always occurring in
nature
Which of these is another term for the Sanger method of DNA sequencing? - Answer dideoxy
sequencing
What are paralogs? - Answer Genes that arise from a duplication event in an organism
How do nucleotides connect to adjacent nucleotides in the Watson-Crick model of DNA? -
Answer Via a covalent bond between the 3' hydroxyl of one nucleotide and the 5' phosphate
of the other.
What did the experiment by Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty in 1944 with the R and S strains of
Streptococcus pneumoniae demonstrate? - Answer DNA was the genetic material in cells.
What is the first protein to bind to the oriC region of the DNA molecule to start the replication
process? - Answer DnaA
Which of these is a term for a point mutation that results in a change in the amino acid
specificity of the codon and the synthesized polypeptide? - Answer missense
For the initiation of transcription in bacteria, RNA polymerase binds to what region on the
gene? - Answer promoter
The DNA replication process in Archaea more closely resembles that in: - Answer Eukarya
What is the sigma factor of the RNA polymerase holoenzyme responsible for? - Answer
recognition of the promoter region
A bacterium that can synthesize all organic molecules needed for its growth from one carbon
molecule, e.g. glucose, is known as a/an: - Answer prototroph
Suppose a microbe has died and lysed, exposing its DNA to the environment. Some of this DNA
was taken up by another unrelated microbe and incorporated into its genome. This is an
example of which process? - Answer horizontal gene transfer
