Test Bank for Human Body in Health and Illness, 7th Edition ELITE EXIT EXAM PREP – 100% ACCURACY & SUCCESS GUARANTEE THE MASTER KEY: FULL EXAM REPOSITORY & DETAILED SOLUTIONS

1. Which dietary change is most effective in lowering blood cholesterol levels? A. Increasing sugar intake B. Increasing protein intake C. Decreasing saturated fat intake D. Increasing sodium intake Correct Answer: C. Decreasing saturated fat intake Rationale: Saturated fats raise LDL cholesterol levels, so reducing intake helps lower blood cholesterol. 2. Lactic acid is most closely related to which metabolic process? A. Krebs cycle B. Glycolysis C. Protein synthesis D. Lipolysis Correct Answer: B. Glycolysis Rationale: Lactic acid is produced during anaerobic glycolysis. 3. Glucose is converted to lactic acid in the absence of: A. Nitrogen B. Enzymes C. Oxygen D. ATP Correct Answer: C. Oxygen Rationale: Anaerobic metabolism occurs when oxygen is unavailable. 4. Which process is least related to lactic acid production? A. Glycolysis B. Anaerobic metabolism C. Krebs cycle D. Fermentation Correct Answer: C. Krebs cycle Rationale: The Krebs cycle is part of aerobic metabolism and does not produce lactic acid. 5. Glucose is best classified as a: A. Protein B. Lipid C. Carbohydrate D. Vitamin Correct Answer: C. Carbohydrate Rationale: Glucose is a monosaccharide carbohydrate. 6. Starches, amylases, and disaccharidases are related to: A. Proteins B. Lipids C. Carbohydrates D. Minerals Correct Answer: C. Carbohydrates Rationale: These substances are involved in carbohydrate digestion and metabolism. 7. Ribose and deoxyribose are classified as: A. Fats B. Sugars C. Amino acids D. Enzymes Correct Answer: B. Sugars Rationale: Ribose and deoxyribose are pentose sugars found in nucleic acids. 8. Which process produces the greatest amount of ATP from glucose? A. Anaerobic glycolysis B. Aerobic catabolism of glucose C. Fermentation D. Protein synthesis Correct Answer: B. Aerobic catabolism of glucose Rationale: Aerobic metabolism generates much more ATP than anaerobic pathways. 9. An amino acid contains which two functional groups? A. -OH and -PO4 B. -NH2 and -COOH C. -SH and -CH3 D. -Na and -Cl Correct Answer: B. -NH2 and -COOH Rationale: Amino acids contain an amino group and a carboxyl group. 10. Which process stores the genetic code? A. Translation B. Glycolysis C. Base sequencing D. Fermentation Correct Answer: C. Base sequencing Rationale: The sequence of nucleotide bases stores genetic information. 11. Which bases are found in DNA? A. Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine B. Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine C. Uracil, thymine, cytosine, guanine D. Adenine, thymine, uracil, guanine Correct Answer: B. Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine Rationale: DNA contains thymine instead of uracil. 12. Which base is found in RNA instead of thymine? A. Cytosine B. Guanine C. Uracil D. Adenine Correct Answer: C. Uracil Rationale: RNA contains uracil in place of thymine. 13. DNA is best described as a: A. Single-stranded protein B. Double-stranded nucleic acid C. Lipid molecule D. Monosaccharide Correct Answer: B. Double-stranded nucleic acid Rationale: DNA consists of two complementary strands forming a double helix. 14. Which process involves both DNA and mRNA? A. Translation B. Glycolysis C. Transcription D. Fermentation Correct Answer: C. Transcription Rationale: During transcription, DNA serves as a template for mRNA synthesis. 15. Which molecule transports amino acids to ribosomes? A. mRNA B. DNA C. tRNA D. ATP Correct Answer: C. tRNA Rationale: Transfer RNA carries amino acids for protein assembly. 16. In RNA, adenine pairs with: A. Thymine B. Cytosine C. Guanine D. Uracil Correct Answer: D. Uracil Rationale: RNA base pairing involves adenine and uracil. 17. Which molecule carries the genetic code from DNA? A. tRNA B. mRNA C. ATP D. Lipase Correct Answer: B. mRNA Rationale: Messenger RNA transports genetic instructions from DNA to ribosomes. 18. Increased blood ammonia levels may lead to: A. Osteoporosis B. Hepatic encephalopathy C. Diabetes mellitus D. Anemia Correct Answer: B. Hepatic encephalopathy Rationale: Liver dysfunction can allow ammonia buildup, affecting brain function. 19. Glucose production from protein is called: A. Glycolysis B. Lipogenesis C. Gluconeogenesis D. Ketogenesis Correct Answer: C. Gluconeogenesis Rationale: Gluconeogenesis synthesizes glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. 20. Gluconeogenesis generally causes blood glucose levels to: A. Decrease B. Remain unchanged C. Increase D. Stop fluctuating Correct Answer: C. Increase Rationale: This process raises glucose availability during fasting or insulin deficiency. 21. Glucose is stored in the body as: A. Ketones B. Glycogen C. Cholesterol D. Urea Correct Answer: B. Glycogen Rationale: Excess glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles.