Anatomy and Physiology II- Exam 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_c86vxm
1. Gastroenterolo- study of the stomach and intestines
gy
2. Gastrointestinal a long tube, about 25 feet in length; open at both ends for the transit of food
tract (GI tract) during processing; includes the:
1. mouth
2. pharynx
3. esophagus
4. stomach
5. small intestine
6. large intestine
7. rectum
8. anal canal
3. Accessory struc- structures that contribute to the food processing; include:
tures 1. teeth and tongue
2. salivary glands
3. liver
4. gallbladder
5. pancreas
4. Mechanical di- physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces; mixing waves
gestion
5. Chemical diges- breaking down food with enzymes; catabolic process; primarily accomplished with
tion pepsin
6. Steps of diges- 1. ingestion
tion 2. secretion
3. mixing and propulsion
4. digestion
5. absorption
6. defecation
, Anatomy and Physiology II- Exam 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_c86vxm
7. Ingestion taking food into the mouth (eating)
8. Secretion the release of water, acid, buffers, and enzymes into the lumen of the GI tract;
accomplished by both the GI tract cells and accessory organs
9. Mixing and alternating contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscles within the walls of
propulsion the GI tract
10. Digestion consists of mechanical and chemical digestion
11. Absorption the passage of these digested molecules from the lumen of the GI tract, across
the wall of the tract, and into the underlying blood or lymph for distribution to
cells throughout the body
12. Defecation the emptying of the rectum to eliminate indigestible substances from the GI tract;
elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus
13. Mucosa, submu- four tissue layers that make up the GI tract
cosa, muscularis,
serosa
14. Mucosa inner layer of GI tract tissue; consists of the epithelium, lamina propria, and
muscularis mucosa
15. Epithelium, lami- three layers of the mucosa
na propria, mus-
cularis mucosa
16. Epithelium inner layer of the mucosa; that lines from the mouth to the esophagus; non-ker-
atinized stratified squamous cells; simple columnar epithelium lines the stomach
and intestines are needed for secretion and absorption; also includes goblet cells
and enteroendocrine cells
, Anatomy and Physiology II- Exam 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_c86vxm
17. Mouth, esopha- from the _______ through the _______ is lined with non-keratinized stratified
gus squamous epithelial cells
18. Stomach, in- the ______ and _______ are lined with simple columnar epithelium that aid in
testines secretion and absorption
19. Goblet cells mucus secreting cells
20. Enteroendocrine hormone secreting cells that help regulate digestion; located in the mucosa;
cells 1. CCK cells
2. S cells
3. K cells
21. Lamina propria second layer of the mucosa; contain blood and lymph vessels, nerves, connective
tissue, and MALT cells; aid in immunity
22. Mucosa-associat- MALT cells; aids in immunity
ed lymph tissue
23. Muscularis mu- outer layer of the mucosa; allows for local, independent movement; contraction
cosa aids in secretion; includes rugae and plicae
24. Rugae temporary folds in the stomach lining
25. Plicae permanent folds that remain regardless of distension; in the small intestines
26. Submucosa second layer of the GI tract; loose connective tissue with lots of blood and lymph
vessels; contains the submucosal plexus which controls GI secretions
27. Submucosal "brains of the gut" part of the enteric nervous system; controls secretion of the GI
plexus tract
28. Muscularis the third layer of the GI tract; involved in voluntary swallowing and involuntary
peristalsis and segmentation
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_c86vxm
1. Gastroenterolo- study of the stomach and intestines
gy
2. Gastrointestinal a long tube, about 25 feet in length; open at both ends for the transit of food
tract (GI tract) during processing; includes the:
1. mouth
2. pharynx
3. esophagus
4. stomach
5. small intestine
6. large intestine
7. rectum
8. anal canal
3. Accessory struc- structures that contribute to the food processing; include:
tures 1. teeth and tongue
2. salivary glands
3. liver
4. gallbladder
5. pancreas
4. Mechanical di- physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces; mixing waves
gestion
5. Chemical diges- breaking down food with enzymes; catabolic process; primarily accomplished with
tion pepsin
6. Steps of diges- 1. ingestion
tion 2. secretion
3. mixing and propulsion
4. digestion
5. absorption
6. defecation
, Anatomy and Physiology II- Exam 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_c86vxm
7. Ingestion taking food into the mouth (eating)
8. Secretion the release of water, acid, buffers, and enzymes into the lumen of the GI tract;
accomplished by both the GI tract cells and accessory organs
9. Mixing and alternating contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscles within the walls of
propulsion the GI tract
10. Digestion consists of mechanical and chemical digestion
11. Absorption the passage of these digested molecules from the lumen of the GI tract, across
the wall of the tract, and into the underlying blood or lymph for distribution to
cells throughout the body
12. Defecation the emptying of the rectum to eliminate indigestible substances from the GI tract;
elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus
13. Mucosa, submu- four tissue layers that make up the GI tract
cosa, muscularis,
serosa
14. Mucosa inner layer of GI tract tissue; consists of the epithelium, lamina propria, and
muscularis mucosa
15. Epithelium, lami- three layers of the mucosa
na propria, mus-
cularis mucosa
16. Epithelium inner layer of the mucosa; that lines from the mouth to the esophagus; non-ker-
atinized stratified squamous cells; simple columnar epithelium lines the stomach
and intestines are needed for secretion and absorption; also includes goblet cells
and enteroendocrine cells
, Anatomy and Physiology II- Exam 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_c86vxm
17. Mouth, esopha- from the _______ through the _______ is lined with non-keratinized stratified
gus squamous epithelial cells
18. Stomach, in- the ______ and _______ are lined with simple columnar epithelium that aid in
testines secretion and absorption
19. Goblet cells mucus secreting cells
20. Enteroendocrine hormone secreting cells that help regulate digestion; located in the mucosa;
cells 1. CCK cells
2. S cells
3. K cells
21. Lamina propria second layer of the mucosa; contain blood and lymph vessels, nerves, connective
tissue, and MALT cells; aid in immunity
22. Mucosa-associat- MALT cells; aids in immunity
ed lymph tissue
23. Muscularis mu- outer layer of the mucosa; allows for local, independent movement; contraction
cosa aids in secretion; includes rugae and plicae
24. Rugae temporary folds in the stomach lining
25. Plicae permanent folds that remain regardless of distension; in the small intestines
26. Submucosa second layer of the GI tract; loose connective tissue with lots of blood and lymph
vessels; contains the submucosal plexus which controls GI secretions
27. Submucosal "brains of the gut" part of the enteric nervous system; controls secretion of the GI
plexus tract
28. Muscularis the third layer of the GI tract; involved in voluntary swallowing and involuntary
peristalsis and segmentation
