D386 HARDWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEM
ESSENTIALS 2 2026 FINAL PAPER SOLVED
QUESTIONS WITH FULL SOLUTION ALREADY
PASSED
◉ Integrated Development Environments.
Answer: Software applications that provide comprehensive facilities
to programmers for software development.
◉ Text Editors.
Answer: Software used for editing plain text files.
◉ Programmed I/O.
Answer: An input/output method where the CPU is responsible for
controlling the data transfer.
◉ Interrupt Initiated I/O.
Answer: An input/output method where the CPU is interrupted to
handle data transfer.
◉ Technology Stack.
,Answer: A combination of technologies used to build a software
application.
◉ Viruses.
Answer: Malicious software programs that can replicate themselves
and spread to other computers.
◉ Types of viruses.
Answer: Different classifications of viruses based on their behavior
and impact.
◉ Networking.
Answer: The practice of connecting computers and other devices to
share resources.
◉ Area Network Types.
Answer: Different types of networks based on geographical
coverage, such as LAN, WAN, and MAN.
◉ Networking Architectures.
Answer: The design and structure of a network, including its
components and their relationships.
,◉ Network Topologies.
Answer: The arrangement of different elements (links, nodes, etc.) in
a computer network.
◉ Network Security.
Answer: Measures taken to protect a computer network from
unauthorized access or attacks.
◉ Multiprogramming.
Answer: Multiple programs execute at a time on a single device.
◉ Multitasking.
Answer: Allow multiple programs and processes to run on a
computer system simultaneously.
◉ Preemptive multitasking.
Answer: Each process is allocated an equal share of computing
resources.
◉ Cooperative multitasking.
Answer: Non-preemptive technique that allocates an entire CPU to a
single process until completion.
, ◉ Hybrid multitasking.
Answer: Preemptive multitasking interrupts the running process,
while cooperative multitasking allows voluntary yielding.
◉ Multithreading.
Answer: Allows the CPU to execute multiple threads of the same
process simultaneously.
◉ Concurrency.
Answer: Ability of multiple threads to access shared resources
simultaneously.
◉ Batch processing.
Answer: Method computers use to periodically complete high-
volume, repetitive data jobs.
◉ HCL.
Answer: Hardware compatibility list; a list of compatible computer
hardware with a particular operating system.
◉ Process control.
Answer: Manage processes.
ESSENTIALS 2 2026 FINAL PAPER SOLVED
QUESTIONS WITH FULL SOLUTION ALREADY
PASSED
◉ Integrated Development Environments.
Answer: Software applications that provide comprehensive facilities
to programmers for software development.
◉ Text Editors.
Answer: Software used for editing plain text files.
◉ Programmed I/O.
Answer: An input/output method where the CPU is responsible for
controlling the data transfer.
◉ Interrupt Initiated I/O.
Answer: An input/output method where the CPU is interrupted to
handle data transfer.
◉ Technology Stack.
,Answer: A combination of technologies used to build a software
application.
◉ Viruses.
Answer: Malicious software programs that can replicate themselves
and spread to other computers.
◉ Types of viruses.
Answer: Different classifications of viruses based on their behavior
and impact.
◉ Networking.
Answer: The practice of connecting computers and other devices to
share resources.
◉ Area Network Types.
Answer: Different types of networks based on geographical
coverage, such as LAN, WAN, and MAN.
◉ Networking Architectures.
Answer: The design and structure of a network, including its
components and their relationships.
,◉ Network Topologies.
Answer: The arrangement of different elements (links, nodes, etc.) in
a computer network.
◉ Network Security.
Answer: Measures taken to protect a computer network from
unauthorized access or attacks.
◉ Multiprogramming.
Answer: Multiple programs execute at a time on a single device.
◉ Multitasking.
Answer: Allow multiple programs and processes to run on a
computer system simultaneously.
◉ Preemptive multitasking.
Answer: Each process is allocated an equal share of computing
resources.
◉ Cooperative multitasking.
Answer: Non-preemptive technique that allocates an entire CPU to a
single process until completion.
, ◉ Hybrid multitasking.
Answer: Preemptive multitasking interrupts the running process,
while cooperative multitasking allows voluntary yielding.
◉ Multithreading.
Answer: Allows the CPU to execute multiple threads of the same
process simultaneously.
◉ Concurrency.
Answer: Ability of multiple threads to access shared resources
simultaneously.
◉ Batch processing.
Answer: Method computers use to periodically complete high-
volume, repetitive data jobs.
◉ HCL.
Answer: Hardware compatibility list; a list of compatible computer
hardware with a particular operating system.
◉ Process control.
Answer: Manage processes.
