MIC 130 STUDY EXAMS GUIDE ALL QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Examples of GDP falling and then public health or public health issue causing a
drop in the GDP - ✔✔Economics affected health or vice versa
Health goes down -> GDP goes down
1991 soviet union collapses
1991 healthcare goes down
1991 Peru -> cholera GDP goes down $700 million (loss in tourist)
1994 Surat, India -> pneumonic plague GDP goes down $1 billion
2003 Taiwan -> SARS GDP goes down 8%
2010 Present Haiti -> cholera GDP goes down
Effects whole country because there is less being produces, less income
✔✔What is the demographic transition? - ✔✔-as deaths decline, there are smaller
families
-parents overcompensate when children die in high numbers
✔✔Development helps in what other ways? - ✔✔-More cooking fuel
-Cleaner water
-Greater urbanization
-More education for girls & women
,-Greater access to health care
✔✔What are the Millennium Development Goal #6 and Global Fund doing to reduce
infectious disease and hopefully spur economic development? - ✔✔Millennium
Development Goal #6 - Combat HIV, Malaria and other major diseases
Global Fund to target AIDS, TB and Malaria - has had success in reducing the burden
from these diseases, funding is short however
✔✔What are new ways to measure a country's well-being besides GDP and what do
they measure? - ✔✔-assessing "full income" which includes health and life expectancy
in addition to GDP
-this give a more accurate view of the state of a country
-Genuine Progress Indicator
Factors in income distribution, household and volunteer work, subtracts crime and
pollution
-European Quality of Life Survey, 2005
Subjective life-satisfaction survey. Q's on deficits of time, loving, being, having
-Wealth Estimates
The World Bank - combines intangible as well as monetary wealth including institutions,
human and environmental capital [states GDP is crucial to success]
-Happy Planet Index
New Economics Foundation, 2006 - An index of human well-being and environmental
impact
see word document
✔✔What is Medicaid? - ✔✔-state funded health care program
-for limited income people
-federal and state interaction
-covers out of pocket medical expenses
-applies to one of the following
-disabled, blind, pregnant, aged, with limited resources
✔✔What are the different facets of Medicare? - ✔✔Part A: health insurance (hospital
visits, nursing care, hospice)
For most people this is free
65 or older
Part B: supplementary health insurance, pay premium/month
Covers out of pocket medical costs (doctor visits)
Part C: Medicare Advantage
You choose provider
Negotiate for lower costs
Need parts A&B, pay another premium
, Part D: Prescription drugs
Prescription drug act of 2003
Need parts A&B, pay another premium
✔✔Who controls health resources in the U. S.? - ✔✔Health insurance
Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs)
Pharmaceutical and biotech companies
✔✔What additional costs are created by the uninsured population? - ✔✔-1 billion
dollars for uninsured
-end up in ER (overtaxed)
-30-50% uninsured = more likely hospitalized
-29% under-insured
-~46% bankruptcies are due to health and medical bills
✔✔How can the uninsured affect the security impact? - ✔✔-can lead to disease
outbreaks
-delays in seeking and obtaining medical care could have a huge impact like an
outbreak or pandemic
-vaccination, quarantine, isolation rely on early recognition of an outbreak
-lack or affordable access to medical care will hinder public health intervention
✔✔What are the stages to get a drug approved by the FDA? - ✔✔Discovery in the lab -
file patent
Preclinical testing - animals, safety, efficacy
Find IND (Investigational New Drug Application) to FDA - with clinical trials
File DNA (new drug application) with FDA
✔✔What happens at each stage during the development of a drug? - ✔✔working on
animals, look for safety, efficacy (does it work), pharmacokinetics (what happens when
its in the body), pharmacodynamics (biological effect of drug in body), phase 1 clinical
trial (to humans), phase 2 (look for safety, etc.), phase 3 (look for safety, etc.)
✔✔What is TRIPS? - ✔✔TRIPS (trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights)
Patented medicines protected from competition for 20 years
Provisions for public health crises allow countries to license
companies to manufacture generics, or import generics
✔✔What is a patent? - ✔✔-protect intellectual property
-(i.e. your idea or discovery)
-Good for 20 years from filing date
-allows exclusivity
-can charge prices that are exponentially higher than to produce it
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Examples of GDP falling and then public health or public health issue causing a
drop in the GDP - ✔✔Economics affected health or vice versa
Health goes down -> GDP goes down
1991 soviet union collapses
1991 healthcare goes down
1991 Peru -> cholera GDP goes down $700 million (loss in tourist)
1994 Surat, India -> pneumonic plague GDP goes down $1 billion
2003 Taiwan -> SARS GDP goes down 8%
2010 Present Haiti -> cholera GDP goes down
Effects whole country because there is less being produces, less income
✔✔What is the demographic transition? - ✔✔-as deaths decline, there are smaller
families
-parents overcompensate when children die in high numbers
✔✔Development helps in what other ways? - ✔✔-More cooking fuel
-Cleaner water
-Greater urbanization
-More education for girls & women
,-Greater access to health care
✔✔What are the Millennium Development Goal #6 and Global Fund doing to reduce
infectious disease and hopefully spur economic development? - ✔✔Millennium
Development Goal #6 - Combat HIV, Malaria and other major diseases
Global Fund to target AIDS, TB and Malaria - has had success in reducing the burden
from these diseases, funding is short however
✔✔What are new ways to measure a country's well-being besides GDP and what do
they measure? - ✔✔-assessing "full income" which includes health and life expectancy
in addition to GDP
-this give a more accurate view of the state of a country
-Genuine Progress Indicator
Factors in income distribution, household and volunteer work, subtracts crime and
pollution
-European Quality of Life Survey, 2005
Subjective life-satisfaction survey. Q's on deficits of time, loving, being, having
-Wealth Estimates
The World Bank - combines intangible as well as monetary wealth including institutions,
human and environmental capital [states GDP is crucial to success]
-Happy Planet Index
New Economics Foundation, 2006 - An index of human well-being and environmental
impact
see word document
✔✔What is Medicaid? - ✔✔-state funded health care program
-for limited income people
-federal and state interaction
-covers out of pocket medical expenses
-applies to one of the following
-disabled, blind, pregnant, aged, with limited resources
✔✔What are the different facets of Medicare? - ✔✔Part A: health insurance (hospital
visits, nursing care, hospice)
For most people this is free
65 or older
Part B: supplementary health insurance, pay premium/month
Covers out of pocket medical costs (doctor visits)
Part C: Medicare Advantage
You choose provider
Negotiate for lower costs
Need parts A&B, pay another premium
, Part D: Prescription drugs
Prescription drug act of 2003
Need parts A&B, pay another premium
✔✔Who controls health resources in the U. S.? - ✔✔Health insurance
Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs)
Pharmaceutical and biotech companies
✔✔What additional costs are created by the uninsured population? - ✔✔-1 billion
dollars for uninsured
-end up in ER (overtaxed)
-30-50% uninsured = more likely hospitalized
-29% under-insured
-~46% bankruptcies are due to health and medical bills
✔✔How can the uninsured affect the security impact? - ✔✔-can lead to disease
outbreaks
-delays in seeking and obtaining medical care could have a huge impact like an
outbreak or pandemic
-vaccination, quarantine, isolation rely on early recognition of an outbreak
-lack or affordable access to medical care will hinder public health intervention
✔✔What are the stages to get a drug approved by the FDA? - ✔✔Discovery in the lab -
file patent
Preclinical testing - animals, safety, efficacy
Find IND (Investigational New Drug Application) to FDA - with clinical trials
File DNA (new drug application) with FDA
✔✔What happens at each stage during the development of a drug? - ✔✔working on
animals, look for safety, efficacy (does it work), pharmacokinetics (what happens when
its in the body), pharmacodynamics (biological effect of drug in body), phase 1 clinical
trial (to humans), phase 2 (look for safety, etc.), phase 3 (look for safety, etc.)
✔✔What is TRIPS? - ✔✔TRIPS (trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights)
Patented medicines protected from competition for 20 years
Provisions for public health crises allow countries to license
companies to manufacture generics, or import generics
✔✔What is a patent? - ✔✔-protect intellectual property
-(i.e. your idea or discovery)
-Good for 20 years from filing date
-allows exclusivity
-can charge prices that are exponentially higher than to produce it
