ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY FINAL EXAMS ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔What lab abnormalities are seen in ischemic acute tubular necrosis - ✔✔Ischemic
acute tubular necrosis commonly causes elevated creatinine, low BUN/Cr ratio,
elevated FeNa, elevated urine sodium, and low urine specific gravity.
✔✔What BUN/creatinine ratio is typical in ischemic acute tubular necrosis - ✔✔A
BUN/creatinine ratio less than 20:1 is typical in ischemic acute tubular necrosis.
✔✔What FeNa is typical in ischemic acute tubular necrosis - ✔✔FeNa is typically
greater than 1% in ischemic acute tubular necrosis.
✔✔What urine sodium level is typical in ischemic acute tubular necrosis - ✔✔Urine
sodium is typically greater than 20 in ischemic acute tubular necrosis.
✔✔What urine specific gravity is typical in ischemic acute tubular necrosis - ✔✔Urine
specific gravity is typically less than 1.015 in ischemic acute tubular necrosis.
✔✔What is the main treatment approach for ischemic acute tubular necrosis -
✔✔Treatment includes restoring perfusion and maintaining blood pressure.
, ✔✔Why may diuretics be used in ischemic acute tubular necrosis - ✔✔Diuretics may be
used to convert oliguric renal failure to non-oliguric renal failure.
✔✔How should medications be managed in ischemic acute tubular necrosis -
✔✔Medications should be dose adjusted and additional nephrotoxins avoided in
ischemic acute tubular necrosis.
✔✔What electrolyte abnormalities should be treated in ischemic acute tubular necrosis -
✔✔Elevated phosphorus, elevated potassium, and low calcium should be treated in
ischemic acute tubular necrosis.
✔✔When is dialysis used in ischemic acute tubular necrosis - ✔✔Dialysis or
ultrafiltration may be used if needed in ischemic acute tubular necrosis.
✔✔What medication class commonly causes exogenous toxin-induced acute tubular
necrosis - ✔✔Aminoglycosides commonly cause exogenous toxin-induced acute tubular
necrosis.
✔✔What factors increase the risk of aminoglycoside-induced acute tubular necrosis -
✔✔Volume depletion, older age, and preexisting renal impairment increase the risk of
aminoglycoside-induced acute tubular necrosis.
✔✔When does aminoglycoside-induced acute tubular necrosis usually occur -
✔✔Aminoglycoside-induced acute tubular necrosis usually occurs 5-10 days after
exposure and may persist for up to a month.
✔✔How does contrast dye affect the kidneys - ✔✔Contrast dye is directly nephrotoxic
and can cause contrast-induced nephropathy.
✔✔When does contrast-induced nephropathy usually develop - ✔✔Contrast-induced
nephropathy usually begins 24-48 hours after contrast exposure, peaks in 3-5 days, and
resolves within 1 week.
✔✔What factors increase the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy - ✔✔Older age, AKI
or CKD, diabetes mellitus, dehydration, CHF, and other nephrotoxins increase the risk
of contrast-induced nephropathy.
✔✔What medications besides aminoglycosides and contrast dye can cause toxin-
induced acute tubular necrosis - ✔✔IVIG, cisplatin, and vancomycin can cause toxin-
induced acute tubular necrosis.
✔✔What symptoms can occur in toxin-induced acute tubular necrosis - ✔✔Toxin-
induced acute tubular necrosis may be asymptomatic or cause nausea, vomiting, and
altered mental status.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔What lab abnormalities are seen in ischemic acute tubular necrosis - ✔✔Ischemic
acute tubular necrosis commonly causes elevated creatinine, low BUN/Cr ratio,
elevated FeNa, elevated urine sodium, and low urine specific gravity.
✔✔What BUN/creatinine ratio is typical in ischemic acute tubular necrosis - ✔✔A
BUN/creatinine ratio less than 20:1 is typical in ischemic acute tubular necrosis.
✔✔What FeNa is typical in ischemic acute tubular necrosis - ✔✔FeNa is typically
greater than 1% in ischemic acute tubular necrosis.
✔✔What urine sodium level is typical in ischemic acute tubular necrosis - ✔✔Urine
sodium is typically greater than 20 in ischemic acute tubular necrosis.
✔✔What urine specific gravity is typical in ischemic acute tubular necrosis - ✔✔Urine
specific gravity is typically less than 1.015 in ischemic acute tubular necrosis.
✔✔What is the main treatment approach for ischemic acute tubular necrosis -
✔✔Treatment includes restoring perfusion and maintaining blood pressure.
, ✔✔Why may diuretics be used in ischemic acute tubular necrosis - ✔✔Diuretics may be
used to convert oliguric renal failure to non-oliguric renal failure.
✔✔How should medications be managed in ischemic acute tubular necrosis -
✔✔Medications should be dose adjusted and additional nephrotoxins avoided in
ischemic acute tubular necrosis.
✔✔What electrolyte abnormalities should be treated in ischemic acute tubular necrosis -
✔✔Elevated phosphorus, elevated potassium, and low calcium should be treated in
ischemic acute tubular necrosis.
✔✔When is dialysis used in ischemic acute tubular necrosis - ✔✔Dialysis or
ultrafiltration may be used if needed in ischemic acute tubular necrosis.
✔✔What medication class commonly causes exogenous toxin-induced acute tubular
necrosis - ✔✔Aminoglycosides commonly cause exogenous toxin-induced acute tubular
necrosis.
✔✔What factors increase the risk of aminoglycoside-induced acute tubular necrosis -
✔✔Volume depletion, older age, and preexisting renal impairment increase the risk of
aminoglycoside-induced acute tubular necrosis.
✔✔When does aminoglycoside-induced acute tubular necrosis usually occur -
✔✔Aminoglycoside-induced acute tubular necrosis usually occurs 5-10 days after
exposure and may persist for up to a month.
✔✔How does contrast dye affect the kidneys - ✔✔Contrast dye is directly nephrotoxic
and can cause contrast-induced nephropathy.
✔✔When does contrast-induced nephropathy usually develop - ✔✔Contrast-induced
nephropathy usually begins 24-48 hours after contrast exposure, peaks in 3-5 days, and
resolves within 1 week.
✔✔What factors increase the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy - ✔✔Older age, AKI
or CKD, diabetes mellitus, dehydration, CHF, and other nephrotoxins increase the risk
of contrast-induced nephropathy.
✔✔What medications besides aminoglycosides and contrast dye can cause toxin-
induced acute tubular necrosis - ✔✔IVIG, cisplatin, and vancomycin can cause toxin-
induced acute tubular necrosis.
✔✔What symptoms can occur in toxin-induced acute tubular necrosis - ✔✔Toxin-
induced acute tubular necrosis may be asymptomatic or cause nausea, vomiting, and
altered mental status.
