BIO 201 MIDTERM UPDATED EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔nucleus - ✔✔largest organelle, RBC have none and skeletal have multiple; nucleus
contains most of the genes, some are located in different organelles
✔✔transcription - ✔✔DNA to mRNA
✔✔translation - ✔✔mRNA to protein
✔✔rough endoplasmic reticulum - ✔✔membranous system enclosing cavities, studded
with ribosomes; sugar groups attach to proteins within cisterns, makes secretory
proteins bound for transport to golgi
✔✔smooth endoplasmic reticulum - ✔✔membranous system of sacs and tubules, no
ribosomes, site of lipid and steroid synthesis, drug detoxification, abuse leads to
tolerance and proliferation of the ER
✔✔golgi - ✔✔flattened membranes and associated vesicles close to nucleus, package,
modify and segregate protein for secretion from the cell
✔✔mitochondria - ✔✔rodlike, double membrane structure, folded into projections called
cristae, site of ATP synthesis, powerhouse of the cell
, ✔✔lysosome - ✔✔membranous sacs containing acid, sites of intracellular digestion
✔✔peroxisome - ✔✔membranous sacs of catalase and oxidase enzymes, oxidase
organic molecules, breaks down hydrogen peroxide
✔✔ribosomes - ✔✔dense particles with 2 subunits, free or attached to rough ER, site of
protein synthesis, reading machines
✔✔centrioles - ✔✔paired cylindrical bodies with 9 triplets of microtubules, organizes
microtubule during mitosis, form bases of cilia and flagella
✔✔protein synthesis - ✔✔goes from ER to golgi, then golgi vesicles, then cell, the
smooth ER does not synthesize protein
✔✔ectoderm layer - ✔✔epidermis and nervous system, outer layer
✔✔mesoderm layer - ✔✔muscle, bone, blood, etc, middle layer
✔✔endoderm layer - ✔✔digestive and respiratory tract, inner layer
✔✔simple squamous epithelium - ✔✔flat cells in single row; lines lungs, kidneys, blood
vessels and serosa; diffusion and transport and secretion
✔✔simple cuboidal epithelium - ✔✔cube shaped cells in single row; found in glandes,
liver, kidney, thyroid, bronchi; has central nucleus; secretory and absorption function
✔✔simple columnar epithelium - ✔✔column-shaped in single row; nuclei toward bottom;
possess goblet cells, secretory and absorption function; found in intestine, uterus,
stomach and kidney tubules, GI tract
✔✔pseudo stratified columnar epithelium - ✔✔appear multilayered with some not
reaching the free surface, goblet and cilia cells; found in respiratory tract and male
urethra; secrete mucus
✔✔keratinized stratified squamous epithelium - ✔✔flat and dead cells in multi layer, flat
and scaly; on epidermis; water loss prevention, resist penetration of pathogen
✔✔nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium - ✔✔no surface layer of dead cells; in
tongue, esophagus, vagina; resists abrasion
✔✔transitional epithelium - ✔✔multilayered with surface cells not dead and cuboidal
shape; bladder, ureters, urethra; expansion,
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔nucleus - ✔✔largest organelle, RBC have none and skeletal have multiple; nucleus
contains most of the genes, some are located in different organelles
✔✔transcription - ✔✔DNA to mRNA
✔✔translation - ✔✔mRNA to protein
✔✔rough endoplasmic reticulum - ✔✔membranous system enclosing cavities, studded
with ribosomes; sugar groups attach to proteins within cisterns, makes secretory
proteins bound for transport to golgi
✔✔smooth endoplasmic reticulum - ✔✔membranous system of sacs and tubules, no
ribosomes, site of lipid and steroid synthesis, drug detoxification, abuse leads to
tolerance and proliferation of the ER
✔✔golgi - ✔✔flattened membranes and associated vesicles close to nucleus, package,
modify and segregate protein for secretion from the cell
✔✔mitochondria - ✔✔rodlike, double membrane structure, folded into projections called
cristae, site of ATP synthesis, powerhouse of the cell
, ✔✔lysosome - ✔✔membranous sacs containing acid, sites of intracellular digestion
✔✔peroxisome - ✔✔membranous sacs of catalase and oxidase enzymes, oxidase
organic molecules, breaks down hydrogen peroxide
✔✔ribosomes - ✔✔dense particles with 2 subunits, free or attached to rough ER, site of
protein synthesis, reading machines
✔✔centrioles - ✔✔paired cylindrical bodies with 9 triplets of microtubules, organizes
microtubule during mitosis, form bases of cilia and flagella
✔✔protein synthesis - ✔✔goes from ER to golgi, then golgi vesicles, then cell, the
smooth ER does not synthesize protein
✔✔ectoderm layer - ✔✔epidermis and nervous system, outer layer
✔✔mesoderm layer - ✔✔muscle, bone, blood, etc, middle layer
✔✔endoderm layer - ✔✔digestive and respiratory tract, inner layer
✔✔simple squamous epithelium - ✔✔flat cells in single row; lines lungs, kidneys, blood
vessels and serosa; diffusion and transport and secretion
✔✔simple cuboidal epithelium - ✔✔cube shaped cells in single row; found in glandes,
liver, kidney, thyroid, bronchi; has central nucleus; secretory and absorption function
✔✔simple columnar epithelium - ✔✔column-shaped in single row; nuclei toward bottom;
possess goblet cells, secretory and absorption function; found in intestine, uterus,
stomach and kidney tubules, GI tract
✔✔pseudo stratified columnar epithelium - ✔✔appear multilayered with some not
reaching the free surface, goblet and cilia cells; found in respiratory tract and male
urethra; secrete mucus
✔✔keratinized stratified squamous epithelium - ✔✔flat and dead cells in multi layer, flat
and scaly; on epidermis; water loss prevention, resist penetration of pathogen
✔✔nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium - ✔✔no surface layer of dead cells; in
tongue, esophagus, vagina; resists abrasion
✔✔transitional epithelium - ✔✔multilayered with surface cells not dead and cuboidal
shape; bladder, ureters, urethra; expansion,
