PSYCHOLOGY PAPER 3 - ESSAY PLANS QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS

PSYCHOLOGY PAPER 3 - ESSAY PLANS
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS
PsychologicalA2explanationsA2ofA2schizophreniaA2-A2Ans--FamilyA2dysfunctionA2-
A2SchizophrenogenicA2motherA2(Fromm-Reichmann,A21948)A2causesA2distrust/
paranoidA2delusions
Double-
bindA2(BatesonA2etA2al,A21972)A2poorA2communicationA2causesA2disorganisedA2thinking/
paranoidA2delusions,A2highA2EEA2triggersA2onset/relapse

CognitiveA2explanationsA2-A2Metarepresentation,A2centralA2controlA2(FrithA2etA2al.A21992)

Evaluations
1)A2ResearchA2supportA2forA2familyA2dysfunctionA2-
A2ReadA2etA2al.A2(2006)A269%A2female,A259%A2maleA2hadA2childhoodA2physical/
sexualA2abuseA2-
>A2yetA2retrospectiveA2recollectionA2ofA2childhood.A2ProspectiveA2studiesA2(Tienari)A2show
edA2someA2evidenceA2byA2inconsistent.
2)A2EvidenceA2forA2familyA2dysfunctionA2yetA2noneA2forA2SM/
DBA2directlyA2+A2leadA2toA2parentA2blaming.A2DeclineA2afterA280sA2shiftA2toA2communityA2a
sA2parentsA2don'tA2tolerate.
3)A2ResearchA2supportA2faultyA2infoA2processingA2-
A2StirlingA2etA2al.A2(2006)A2schizoA22xA2asA2long.A2YetA2onlyA2explainsA2proximalA2causeA2n
otA2distal.
4)A2HardA2toA2reconcileA2psychologicalA2w.A2biological,A2alternativeA2ofA2diathesis-
stressA2model.

BiologicalA2therapiesA2forA2schizophrenia:A2DrugA2therapiesA2-A2Ans--
AntipsychoticsA2aimA2toA2reduceA2positive,A2tablet/syrup/
injection,A2canA2beA2longA2orA2shortA2term
TypicalA2(50s):A2DopamineA2antagonists,A2ChlorpromazineA2-
A2DAA2+A2sedativeA2effectA2w.A2histamineA2interaction,A2typicalA2dosageA2declinedA2(LieuA2
&A2DeA2Haan,A22009)
Atypical:A2RangeA2ofA2NT,A2developedA2toA2beA2asA2effectiveA2asA2typicalA2butA2lessA2side
A2effects.A2ClozapineA2(60s)A2-
A2WithdrawnA2inA270sA2w.A2agranulocytosisA2thenA2reintroduced,A2serotoninA2&A2glutamat
eA2->A2improveA2mood,A2givenA2toA2highA2suicideA2risk.A2RisperidoneA2(90s)A2-
A2DopamineA2&A2serotoninA2strongerA2thanA2clozapine,A2lessA2sideA2effects


Evaluations
1)A2ResearchA2supportA2-A2ThornleyA2etA2al.A2(2003)A21121A2betterA2functioning/
reducedA2symptom,A2512A2lowerA2relapseA2rateA2w.A2chlor,A2MeltzerA2(2012)A2clozapineA2
30-

, 50%A2effectiveA2whenA2typicalA2fails.A2ClozapineA2vs.A2risperidoneA2inconclusiveA2yetA2ge
neralA2antipsychoticsA2effective.
2)A2SideA2effectsA2aA2limitation,A2ChlorpromazineA2-A2NMS,A2TDA2-
>A2yetA2reducedA2dosageA2meansA2lowerA2NMSA2frequencyA2(0.1-2%A2now).
3)A2HealyA2(2012)A2arguedA2supportingA2dataA2publishedA2multipleA2-
>A2efficacyA2exaggeratedA2+A2sedativeA2makesA2positiveA2effectA2easy,A2manyA2studiesA2
onlyA2assessA2short-termA2->A2methodologicalA2issue.
4)A2TheoreticalA2issues,A2modernA2dopaA2hypothesisA2understandingA2suggestA2APA2sho
uldn'tA2work.A2DopaA2hypothesisA2uncompleteA2explanation,A2someA2areasA2dopamineA2t
ooA2low.

PsychologicalA2therapiesA2forA2schizophreniaA2-A2Ans--CBTA2-A2ChallengeA2negative/
irrationalA2byA2argument,A2graspA2impactA2ofA2sympA2+A2reduceA2anxiety
FamilyA2therapyA2-A2ImproveA2communication,A2medicalA2complianceA2andA2reduceA2EE/
stress.A2ManyA2strategiesA2(PharoahA2etA2al,A22010)A2-
A2TherapeuticA2alliance,A2problemA2solvingA2etc.
TokenA2economiesA2-
A2DesirableA2behaviourA2reinforced,A21aryA2&2aryA2reinforcers,A2operant.A2ImprovesA2qual
ityA2ofA2lifeA2andA2abilityA2toA2loveA2outsideA2institutionA2setting.

Evaluations
1)A2OnlyA2modestA2support:A2JahuarA2etA2al.A2(2014)A2-
A234A2CBT,A2smallA2effectA2onA2positiveA2&A2negative,A2PharoahA2etA2al.A2-
A2FamilyA2therapyA2reduceA2relapseA2yetA2studiesA2inconsistent,A2McMonagleA2&A2Sultan
aA2(2009)A2-
A23A2studiesA2randomA2allocated,A2onlyA21A2ofA23A2showedA2symptomA2improvement.
2)A2EthicalA2issuesA2-
A2ComplianceA2inA2TEA2moreA2easyA2forA2lessA2severeA2schizo.A2patients,A2CBTA2challeng
esA2freedomA2ofA2thought?
3)A2OnlyA2makeA2symptomsA2moreA2manageable,A2can'tA2remove,A2yetA2neitherA2canA2bio
logical.
4)A2OtherA2psychologicalA2therapyA2optionsA2-A2ArtA2therapyA2(NICE)

InteractionistA2approachA2toA2schizophreniaA2-A2Ans--OriginalA2diathesis-
stressA2(Meehl,A21962)A2-
A2DiathesisA2'schizogene'A2possession,A2stressA2psychologicalA2&A2noA2amountA2canA2cau
seA2schizophreniaA2withoutA2gene
ModernA2diathesisA2-
A2PolygenicA2notA2justA2schizogeneA2(RipkeA2etA2al,A22014),A2diathesisA2bioA2andA2psychA2
(IngramA2&A2Luxton,A22005),A2traumaA2canA2alterA2brainA2(ReadA2etA2al,A22001A2-
A2traumaA2causesA2over-activeA2HPA,A2stressA2vulnerable)
ModernA2stressA2-
A2AnythingA2thatA2triggers,A2notA2justA2psychA2(HoustonA2etA2al,A22008),A2cannabisA2x7
TreatmentA2-
A2BioA2+A2psychA2treatment,A2impossibleA2employA2withoutA2adoptingA2interactionistA2(Tur