Critical Thinking and Logic - C168 Exam
2026 Questions and Answers Graded A+
What is critical thinking? - Correct answer-An intellectual model for understanding
issues and forming reasonable and informed views on them.
Involves analyzing, evaluating, and improving one's own thinking
Thinking about thinking in order to make thinking better
Critical thinking comprises three interlinking dimensions - Correct answer-1.
Analyzing one's own thinking- breaking it down into its component parts.
2. Evaluating one's own thinking- identifying its weaknesses while recognizing its
strengths.
3. Improving one's own thinking- reconstructing it to make it better.
,What are two barriers native to everyone? - Correct answer-egocentrism &
sociocentrism
What is egocentrism? - Correct answer-The tendency to view everything in
relationship to oneself
An innate human trait
Rigidity of thought
What is sociocentrism? - Correct answer-The assumption that one's own social
group is inherently superior to all others
What is first-order thinking? - Correct answer-Ordinary Thinking
1. Spontaneous and non-reflective
2. Contains insight, prejudice, good and bad reasoning
3. Indiscriminately combined
What is second-order thinking? - Correct answer-Critical Thinking
First-order thinking that is consciously realized (i.e., analyzed, assessed, and
reconstructed)
, What is weak-sense critical thinking? - Correct answer-Thinkers ignore the flaws
in their own thinking and often seek to win an argument through intellectual
trickery and deceit
What is strong-sense critical thinking? - Correct answer-Thinkers strive to be
ethical and empathize with others' viewpoints. They will entertain arguments with
which they do not agree and change their views when confronted with superior
reasoning
What are the defining traits of critical thinkers? - Correct answer-1. Intellectual
Humility
2. Intellectual Courage
3. intellectual Empathy
4. Intellectual Integrity
5. Intellectual Perseverance
6. Confidence in Reasoning
7. Intellectual Autonomy
Characterization of Intellectual Humility - Correct answer-Aware of the limitations
of one's viewpoint
2026 Questions and Answers Graded A+
What is critical thinking? - Correct answer-An intellectual model for understanding
issues and forming reasonable and informed views on them.
Involves analyzing, evaluating, and improving one's own thinking
Thinking about thinking in order to make thinking better
Critical thinking comprises three interlinking dimensions - Correct answer-1.
Analyzing one's own thinking- breaking it down into its component parts.
2. Evaluating one's own thinking- identifying its weaknesses while recognizing its
strengths.
3. Improving one's own thinking- reconstructing it to make it better.
,What are two barriers native to everyone? - Correct answer-egocentrism &
sociocentrism
What is egocentrism? - Correct answer-The tendency to view everything in
relationship to oneself
An innate human trait
Rigidity of thought
What is sociocentrism? - Correct answer-The assumption that one's own social
group is inherently superior to all others
What is first-order thinking? - Correct answer-Ordinary Thinking
1. Spontaneous and non-reflective
2. Contains insight, prejudice, good and bad reasoning
3. Indiscriminately combined
What is second-order thinking? - Correct answer-Critical Thinking
First-order thinking that is consciously realized (i.e., analyzed, assessed, and
reconstructed)
, What is weak-sense critical thinking? - Correct answer-Thinkers ignore the flaws
in their own thinking and often seek to win an argument through intellectual
trickery and deceit
What is strong-sense critical thinking? - Correct answer-Thinkers strive to be
ethical and empathize with others' viewpoints. They will entertain arguments with
which they do not agree and change their views when confronted with superior
reasoning
What are the defining traits of critical thinkers? - Correct answer-1. Intellectual
Humility
2. Intellectual Courage
3. intellectual Empathy
4. Intellectual Integrity
5. Intellectual Perseverance
6. Confidence in Reasoning
7. Intellectual Autonomy
Characterization of Intellectual Humility - Correct answer-Aware of the limitations
of one's viewpoint
