Bacteria_Terms_I Studyset already passed 2026
adenylate cyclase - an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cyclic adenylic acid from
adenosine triphosphate
aerobic - relating to, involving, or requiring free oxygen
anaphylactic shock - an extreme, often life-threatening allergic reaction to an antigen
to which the body has become hypersensitive
antibiotic antagonism - inhibition of or interference with the action of one antibiotic by
another
antibiotic synergy - the interaction or cooperation of two or more antibiotics to produce a
combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects
antigenic variation - the mechanism by which an infectious agent such as a bacterium
alters its surface proteins in order to evade a host immune response
area under the inhibitory curve - the ratio of drug exposure to minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC)
bactericidal - having the ability to kill bacteria
bacteriostatic - preventing the multiplying of bacteria without destroying them
bioavailability - the proportion of a drug or other substance that enters the circulation
when introduced into the body and so is able to have an active effect
caseous necrosis - a form of necrosis characteristic of tuberculosis, in which diseased
tissue forms a firm, dry mass like cheese in appearance
catarrhal stage - stage of disease characterized by excessive discharge or buildup of
mucus in the nose or throat with associated with inflammation of the mucous
membrane
convalescent stage - stage of disease characterized by gradual recovery and lessening
of symptoms
diphtheroid - bacterium of a genus that includes the diphtheria bacillus, especially one
that does not cause disease
dysentery - infection of the intestines resulting in severe diarrhea with the presence of
blood and mucus in the feces
ectopic pregnancy - a pregnancy in which the fetus develops outside the uterus, typically
in a Fallopian tube
El Tor - particular strain of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae responsible for the seventh
global pandemic
empiric treatment - therapy begun on the basis of a clinical educated guess in the
absence of complete or perfect information
endotoxin - a toxin that is present inside a bacterial cell and is released when the cell
disintegrates
enteric bacteria - a complex community of microorganisms that live in the digestive
tracts of animals and is the largest reservoir of beneficial microorganisms in humans
extrinsic resistance - type of antibiotic resistance acquired from outside sources such as
bacteriophage or plasmids
adenylate cyclase - an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cyclic adenylic acid from
adenosine triphosphate
aerobic - relating to, involving, or requiring free oxygen
anaphylactic shock - an extreme, often life-threatening allergic reaction to an antigen
to which the body has become hypersensitive
antibiotic antagonism - inhibition of or interference with the action of one antibiotic by
another
antibiotic synergy - the interaction or cooperation of two or more antibiotics to produce a
combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects
antigenic variation - the mechanism by which an infectious agent such as a bacterium
alters its surface proteins in order to evade a host immune response
area under the inhibitory curve - the ratio of drug exposure to minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC)
bactericidal - having the ability to kill bacteria
bacteriostatic - preventing the multiplying of bacteria without destroying them
bioavailability - the proportion of a drug or other substance that enters the circulation
when introduced into the body and so is able to have an active effect
caseous necrosis - a form of necrosis characteristic of tuberculosis, in which diseased
tissue forms a firm, dry mass like cheese in appearance
catarrhal stage - stage of disease characterized by excessive discharge or buildup of
mucus in the nose or throat with associated with inflammation of the mucous
membrane
convalescent stage - stage of disease characterized by gradual recovery and lessening
of symptoms
diphtheroid - bacterium of a genus that includes the diphtheria bacillus, especially one
that does not cause disease
dysentery - infection of the intestines resulting in severe diarrhea with the presence of
blood and mucus in the feces
ectopic pregnancy - a pregnancy in which the fetus develops outside the uterus, typically
in a Fallopian tube
El Tor - particular strain of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae responsible for the seventh
global pandemic
empiric treatment - therapy begun on the basis of a clinical educated guess in the
absence of complete or perfect information
endotoxin - a toxin that is present inside a bacterial cell and is released when the cell
disintegrates
enteric bacteria - a complex community of microorganisms that live in the digestive
tracts of animals and is the largest reservoir of beneficial microorganisms in humans
extrinsic resistance - type of antibiotic resistance acquired from outside sources such as
bacteriophage or plasmids
