HPA 311 Exam 2 Study Guide With
Complete Solutions
What Is Consumer Engagement in the Care Process?
In the 2001 Institute of Medicine Report Crossing the Quality Chasm, six aims
were listed as essential for quality improvement: - ANSWER 1. Safe: Avoiding
injuries to patients from the care that is intended to help them.
2. Effective: Providing services based on scientific knowledge to all who could
benefit, and refraining from providing services to those not likely to benefit.
3. Patient-centered: Providing care that is respectful of and responsive to
individual patient preferences, needs, and values, and ensuring that patient
values guide all clinical decisions.
4. Timely: Reducing waits and sometimes harmful delays for both those who
receive and those who give care.
5. Efficient: Avoiding waste, including waste of equipment, supplies, ideas, and
energy.
6. Equitable: Providing care that does not vary in quality because of personal
characteristics such as gender, ethnicity, geographic location, and
socioeconomic status.
Crossing the Quality Chasm's third aim, providing patient-centered care, has
become a central focal point for healthcare, from providing more user-friendly IT
services, to the efforts around ___________ ___________________, or involving a
patient in his or her own health or health care. - ANSWER patient engagement
Patient engagement and consumer engagement are basically synonyms for
each other, although:
Patient engagement:
Consumer engagement: - ANSWER - Patient engagement has traditionally been
used in definitions that refer to those individuals who are sick.
- Consumer engagement can be used more broadly to include other individual
decisions regarding healthcare (e.g. choosing an insurance plan for your
family).
The five primary individual-level theories that influence the ECHC framework
include: - ANSWER 1. Health Belief Model
2. Microeconomic Consumer Choice Theory
3. Theory of Planned Behavior
4. Theory of Reasoned Action
5. Transtheoretical Model
,The four primary individual- and environment-level theories that influence the
ECHC framework include: - ANSWER Social Cognitive Theory
Social Network Theory
Social Support Theory
Social Ecological Model
The Health Belief Model describes - ANSWER how individuals make health-
related decisions by weighing threat severity, threat susceptibility, and the
benefits of and barriers to the decisions they are weighing to their health.
some of the modifiers we have discussed before, such as _______________,
influence both an individual's perceived susceptibility and threat from engaging
in a behavior, as well as the individual's perceived benefits compared to barriers
when considering making a behavior change. - ANSWER demographics
An individual's perceived susceptibility influences their ______________
__________, as do cues to action for changing that behavior. - ANSWER
perceived threat
According to the Health Belief Model, an individual weighs these perceived
threats with __________ , and these all determine the likelihood of an individual
changing his or her behavior. - ANSWER perceived benefits or barriers to a
behavior change
For example, if an individual was weighing whether or not he should stop
smoking, his demographics and knowledge about smoking would influence if he
perceived himself to be susceptible to lung cancer. Along with that perceived
susceptibility, any "cues to action" (such as a child learning about the
connection between smoking and lung cancer at school and coming home to ask
her father to stop smoking) would inform if the individual perceived any threat of
lung cancer due to his smoking. Furthermore, he would also weigh benefits and
barriers to stopping smoking. Altogether he would use this information to decide
to stop smoking or not.
Microeconomic Consumer Choice Theory describes how - ANSWER constraints
such as income and individual preferences influence consumer choices.
the preferences an individual has, such as being able to see any physician she
chooses, influences the - ANSWER choice a consumer makes.
Additionally, how much income an individual makes will - ANSWER also
influence the choices she makes.
For example, a health plan that allows a patient to see any physician she wants
likely costs more than a health plan that restricts the patient to a limited number
, of physicians at one hospital. In choosing that plan, the patient would have to
consider her preferences in addition to how much income she has to pay for her
health plan.
The theories of Planned Behavior and Reasoned Action go together, and
describe - ANSWER how individual's control of behaviors, attitudes as well as
norms influence their behaviors.
Theorists believed that ___________ was the key component to explaining a
behavior. This is why an individual's attitudes and what they perceive as
subjective societal norms - both driven by things such as demographics and
personality - occupy the majority of the model. However, recognizing that
individuals may not always act under their own free will, or may be influenced by
another more powerful influence other than their own intentions, the parts of the
Theory of Planned Behavior were added in to supplement what is referred to
jointly now as the Theory of Planned Behavior and Reasoned Action. - ANSWER
intention
Prochaska's ______________ Model is perhaps one of the most widely adopted
theories in studying how individuals change their behaviors, and how one
transitions through stages of readiness in making a change. - ANSWER
Transtheoretical
As you may recall, the "stages of change" because of the six stages people
progress through in reaching that change. They are - ANSWER Original
Behavior
1. Pre-contemplation
2. Contemplation
3. Preparation
4. Action
5. Maintenance
6. Termination
Changed behavior
Social cognitive theory describes - ANSWER individual beliefs as learned
through social interactions.
As described in social cognitive theory, behavior is influenced by individual and
environmental factors at the - ANSWER same time
Social Network Theory and Social Support Theory go together
Social Network Theory focusing on-
Social Support Theory- - ANSWER - how interpersonal relationships, or
networks, influence health-related outcomes
- examining the support these relationships provide or reduce related to health
outcomes
Complete Solutions
What Is Consumer Engagement in the Care Process?
In the 2001 Institute of Medicine Report Crossing the Quality Chasm, six aims
were listed as essential for quality improvement: - ANSWER 1. Safe: Avoiding
injuries to patients from the care that is intended to help them.
2. Effective: Providing services based on scientific knowledge to all who could
benefit, and refraining from providing services to those not likely to benefit.
3. Patient-centered: Providing care that is respectful of and responsive to
individual patient preferences, needs, and values, and ensuring that patient
values guide all clinical decisions.
4. Timely: Reducing waits and sometimes harmful delays for both those who
receive and those who give care.
5. Efficient: Avoiding waste, including waste of equipment, supplies, ideas, and
energy.
6. Equitable: Providing care that does not vary in quality because of personal
characteristics such as gender, ethnicity, geographic location, and
socioeconomic status.
Crossing the Quality Chasm's third aim, providing patient-centered care, has
become a central focal point for healthcare, from providing more user-friendly IT
services, to the efforts around ___________ ___________________, or involving a
patient in his or her own health or health care. - ANSWER patient engagement
Patient engagement and consumer engagement are basically synonyms for
each other, although:
Patient engagement:
Consumer engagement: - ANSWER - Patient engagement has traditionally been
used in definitions that refer to those individuals who are sick.
- Consumer engagement can be used more broadly to include other individual
decisions regarding healthcare (e.g. choosing an insurance plan for your
family).
The five primary individual-level theories that influence the ECHC framework
include: - ANSWER 1. Health Belief Model
2. Microeconomic Consumer Choice Theory
3. Theory of Planned Behavior
4. Theory of Reasoned Action
5. Transtheoretical Model
,The four primary individual- and environment-level theories that influence the
ECHC framework include: - ANSWER Social Cognitive Theory
Social Network Theory
Social Support Theory
Social Ecological Model
The Health Belief Model describes - ANSWER how individuals make health-
related decisions by weighing threat severity, threat susceptibility, and the
benefits of and barriers to the decisions they are weighing to their health.
some of the modifiers we have discussed before, such as _______________,
influence both an individual's perceived susceptibility and threat from engaging
in a behavior, as well as the individual's perceived benefits compared to barriers
when considering making a behavior change. - ANSWER demographics
An individual's perceived susceptibility influences their ______________
__________, as do cues to action for changing that behavior. - ANSWER
perceived threat
According to the Health Belief Model, an individual weighs these perceived
threats with __________ , and these all determine the likelihood of an individual
changing his or her behavior. - ANSWER perceived benefits or barriers to a
behavior change
For example, if an individual was weighing whether or not he should stop
smoking, his demographics and knowledge about smoking would influence if he
perceived himself to be susceptible to lung cancer. Along with that perceived
susceptibility, any "cues to action" (such as a child learning about the
connection between smoking and lung cancer at school and coming home to ask
her father to stop smoking) would inform if the individual perceived any threat of
lung cancer due to his smoking. Furthermore, he would also weigh benefits and
barriers to stopping smoking. Altogether he would use this information to decide
to stop smoking or not.
Microeconomic Consumer Choice Theory describes how - ANSWER constraints
such as income and individual preferences influence consumer choices.
the preferences an individual has, such as being able to see any physician she
chooses, influences the - ANSWER choice a consumer makes.
Additionally, how much income an individual makes will - ANSWER also
influence the choices she makes.
For example, a health plan that allows a patient to see any physician she wants
likely costs more than a health plan that restricts the patient to a limited number
, of physicians at one hospital. In choosing that plan, the patient would have to
consider her preferences in addition to how much income she has to pay for her
health plan.
The theories of Planned Behavior and Reasoned Action go together, and
describe - ANSWER how individual's control of behaviors, attitudes as well as
norms influence their behaviors.
Theorists believed that ___________ was the key component to explaining a
behavior. This is why an individual's attitudes and what they perceive as
subjective societal norms - both driven by things such as demographics and
personality - occupy the majority of the model. However, recognizing that
individuals may not always act under their own free will, or may be influenced by
another more powerful influence other than their own intentions, the parts of the
Theory of Planned Behavior were added in to supplement what is referred to
jointly now as the Theory of Planned Behavior and Reasoned Action. - ANSWER
intention
Prochaska's ______________ Model is perhaps one of the most widely adopted
theories in studying how individuals change their behaviors, and how one
transitions through stages of readiness in making a change. - ANSWER
Transtheoretical
As you may recall, the "stages of change" because of the six stages people
progress through in reaching that change. They are - ANSWER Original
Behavior
1. Pre-contemplation
2. Contemplation
3. Preparation
4. Action
5. Maintenance
6. Termination
Changed behavior
Social cognitive theory describes - ANSWER individual beliefs as learned
through social interactions.
As described in social cognitive theory, behavior is influenced by individual and
environmental factors at the - ANSWER same time
Social Network Theory and Social Support Theory go together
Social Network Theory focusing on-
Social Support Theory- - ANSWER - how interpersonal relationships, or
networks, influence health-related outcomes
- examining the support these relationships provide or reduce related to health
outcomes
