BIOLOGY 1000: LECTURE EXAM 2
MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
EXAM AND ACTUAL ANSWERS.
nutrient - Answer Compounds in food that the body requires for proper growth,
maintenance, and functioning.
Omnivore - Answer An animal that eats both plants and animals.
Herbivore - Answer A consumer that eats only plants.
Carnivore - Answer A consumer that eats only animals.
Peristalsis - Answer Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in
one direction through the digestive system.
Enzyme - Answer A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing
Villi - Answer Fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that increase the surface area for
absorption
Bile - Answer A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.
feces - Answer solid wastes; stool
List the functions of a digestive tract. - Answer Ingests food
Breaks food down into small molecules that can cross plasma membranes.
Absorbs nutrient molecules
Eliminates undigestible remains
Distinguish between incomplete and complete digestive tracts. - Answer Incomplete digestive
tract- Has a single opening EX: Planarian
Complete digestive tract-Has two openings EX: Earth worms
Describe adaptations to diet. - Answer -Dentition differs with mode of nutrition. Omnivores,
Herbivores, Carnivores.
, Describe the basic structures of the human digestive tract. - Answer Complete digestive tract-
begins with a mouth and ends with an anus.
Digestion is entirely extracellular.
Digestive enzymes are secreted by the wall of the digestive tract and accessory glands.
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
The small intestine
Large intestine
Accessory organs
Describe what happens to a mouthful of food as it passes from the mouth the the anus along
the human digestive tract. - Answer The mouth mixes chewed food with saliva and forms
mixture into bolus. The esophagus moves food to stomach by peristalsis. In the stomach, food
mixing with gastric juices become chyme. Chyme from stomach enters the duodenum, Chyme
mixes with secretions from the liver and pancreas. Pancreas and epithelial cells produce
digestive enzymes, completing the process of food digestion in the small intestine. Large
intestines stores undigestible material until it is eliminated at the anus.
List the digestive enzymes, where they are secreted, and their action. - Answer Pepsin
Trypsin
Peptidase
Lipase
Amylase
Maltase
Lactase
Sacharase
Explain how the structure of the small intestine is suited for absorption. - Answer Villi are
ridges of the surface, which contain even smaller ridges called microvilli. These greatly increase
the surface area of absorption.
Describe the roles of the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder in digestion. - Answer Pancreas-
Exocrine gland. Secretes pancreatic juice and digestive enzymes into the duodenum. Pancreatic
amylase digests starch. Trypsin digests protein. Lipase digests fats.
Endocrine function. Secretes insulin and glucagon to regulate blood glucose levels.
MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
EXAM AND ACTUAL ANSWERS.
nutrient - Answer Compounds in food that the body requires for proper growth,
maintenance, and functioning.
Omnivore - Answer An animal that eats both plants and animals.
Herbivore - Answer A consumer that eats only plants.
Carnivore - Answer A consumer that eats only animals.
Peristalsis - Answer Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in
one direction through the digestive system.
Enzyme - Answer A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing
Villi - Answer Fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that increase the surface area for
absorption
Bile - Answer A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.
feces - Answer solid wastes; stool
List the functions of a digestive tract. - Answer Ingests food
Breaks food down into small molecules that can cross plasma membranes.
Absorbs nutrient molecules
Eliminates undigestible remains
Distinguish between incomplete and complete digestive tracts. - Answer Incomplete digestive
tract- Has a single opening EX: Planarian
Complete digestive tract-Has two openings EX: Earth worms
Describe adaptations to diet. - Answer -Dentition differs with mode of nutrition. Omnivores,
Herbivores, Carnivores.
, Describe the basic structures of the human digestive tract. - Answer Complete digestive tract-
begins with a mouth and ends with an anus.
Digestion is entirely extracellular.
Digestive enzymes are secreted by the wall of the digestive tract and accessory glands.
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
The small intestine
Large intestine
Accessory organs
Describe what happens to a mouthful of food as it passes from the mouth the the anus along
the human digestive tract. - Answer The mouth mixes chewed food with saliva and forms
mixture into bolus. The esophagus moves food to stomach by peristalsis. In the stomach, food
mixing with gastric juices become chyme. Chyme from stomach enters the duodenum, Chyme
mixes with secretions from the liver and pancreas. Pancreas and epithelial cells produce
digestive enzymes, completing the process of food digestion in the small intestine. Large
intestines stores undigestible material until it is eliminated at the anus.
List the digestive enzymes, where they are secreted, and their action. - Answer Pepsin
Trypsin
Peptidase
Lipase
Amylase
Maltase
Lactase
Sacharase
Explain how the structure of the small intestine is suited for absorption. - Answer Villi are
ridges of the surface, which contain even smaller ridges called microvilli. These greatly increase
the surface area of absorption.
Describe the roles of the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder in digestion. - Answer Pancreas-
Exocrine gland. Secretes pancreatic juice and digestive enzymes into the duodenum. Pancreatic
amylase digests starch. Trypsin digests protein. Lipase digests fats.
Endocrine function. Secretes insulin and glucagon to regulate blood glucose levels.
