Acute Renal Failure (ARF) Exam 2 Questions with
Correct Answers (2026–2027 Updated Study Guide
& Practice Test)
Renal failure is:
* classified as: - correct answer-
partial or complete impairment of kidney function resulting in an inability to excrete waste products
and water
-causes functional disturbances of all the body systems
* acute or chronic
Acute: rapid onset, chronic: takes time to occur
Acute can cause chronic renal failure CRF.
1. Acute renal failure: - correct answer-
1. rapid onset, from hours to days with progressive elevations of BUN, creatinine, and potassium. R
apid loss of renal function = azotemia (accumulation of nitrogenous waste) , and oliguria (less than
400ml ) it is more reversible
Causes of ARF arE: - correct answer-multiple and
complex Pre-renal, Intrarenal, and Postrenal
a. Pre-
renal: reduction of blood flow to the kidneys, decreased glomerular perfusion and filtration (hypoten
sion, hypovolemia)
b. Intra-
renal: direct damage to the kidneys caused by nephrotoxins, or ischemia, impaired nephron function
c. Post-
renal: mechanical obstruction of the outflow of urine, urine reflux, caused by prostate cancer, hyperp
lasia, calculi, trauma, tumors
a. Clinically ARF may progress through:
b. In some situations the patient does not recover from ARF: - correct
answer-4 phases: Initiating, Oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phase
b. chronic renal disease results, and dialysis or transplant is needed
1
Correct Answers (2026–2027 Updated Study Guide
& Practice Test)
Renal failure is:
* classified as: - correct answer-
partial or complete impairment of kidney function resulting in an inability to excrete waste products
and water
-causes functional disturbances of all the body systems
* acute or chronic
Acute: rapid onset, chronic: takes time to occur
Acute can cause chronic renal failure CRF.
1. Acute renal failure: - correct answer-
1. rapid onset, from hours to days with progressive elevations of BUN, creatinine, and potassium. R
apid loss of renal function = azotemia (accumulation of nitrogenous waste) , and oliguria (less than
400ml ) it is more reversible
Causes of ARF arE: - correct answer-multiple and
complex Pre-renal, Intrarenal, and Postrenal
a. Pre-
renal: reduction of blood flow to the kidneys, decreased glomerular perfusion and filtration (hypoten
sion, hypovolemia)
b. Intra-
renal: direct damage to the kidneys caused by nephrotoxins, or ischemia, impaired nephron function
c. Post-
renal: mechanical obstruction of the outflow of urine, urine reflux, caused by prostate cancer, hyperp
lasia, calculi, trauma, tumors
a. Clinically ARF may progress through:
b. In some situations the patient does not recover from ARF: - correct
answer-4 phases: Initiating, Oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phase
b. chronic renal disease results, and dialysis or transplant is needed
1
