VTNE Study guide/ Vet tech plus
Question and answers correctly
solved 2026
You are working in the critical care unit and learning to perform central venous pressure readings. What
is a normal CVP reading? - correct answer ✔Answer: 0-10 cm H2O
The central venous pressure is the blood pressure of the thoracic vena cava. It is very helpful in
monitoring the hydration status of a patient. A value less than zero would indicate dehydration and a
value starting to trend upward around 5-8 indicates adequate fluids. Readings over 10 may indicate fluid
overload or venous congestion. These values should always be interpreted in light of the patient's
clinical status (i.e. body weight, skin turgor, heart rate, mucus membrane status, etc).
"Grass tetany" may been seen in sheep or goats due to a deficiency in which mineral? - correct answer
✔Magnesium deficiency may lead to "grass tetany" in sheep or goats, and sometimes in cows. It occurs
when animals graze on pastures that are low in magnesium, or during lactation when demand for
magnesium is higher. Treatment is with magnesium and calcium supplementation but can be a very
serious and life-threatening condition. Symptoms can include restlessness, staggers, an over-alert
appearance, being excitable, falling down, or convulsions and death.
You volunteered at the zoo and spent the day handling the tortoises. A day later you have
gastrointestinal symptoms. Reptiles are a major source for which of the following? - correct answer
✔Salmonella is a Gram-negative rod of the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is transmitted via the fecal-oral
route. Reptiles and sometimes birds can be chronic carriers of Salmonella. Turtles, iguanas, and snakes
are especially known to harbor the bacteria.
A 5-year-old domestic short hair cat presents with some lesions on his chin. The doctor diagnoses feline
acne and prescribes some antibiotics and ointment. Which of the following is a good suggestion a
technician could make to the owner? - correct answer ✔Answer: Avoid plastic food and water dishes
In some cats, a hypersensitivity to plastic can cause feline acne. This is a good suggestion to make to the
owner of any cat with this condition.
,You cannot make recommendations for medications other than what the doctor prescribed during the
visit. Popping the pimples can further irritate the skin and should not be performed by the owner.
Taking the cat outside will not likely help this condition.
What is the meaning of the term multiparous? - correct answer ✔Has more than one offspring at birth
Which of the following represents the source of the most radiation exposure to a veterinary technician
who is restraining a cat for a radiograph, taking the exposure, and processing the film? - correct answer
✔Answer: Scatter from the patient area
If good technique is practiced (i.e. no part of the technician is inside the primary beam), there should be
no exposure to the technician from the primary beam. Most of the radiation exposure will actually come
from scattered X-rays that interact with the patient's tissue and then go in another direction, potentially
towards the technician. There is a much smaller amount of scatter radiation that may come off of the
collimator, and no radiation should be emitted from radiograph processing equipment. The 3 important
principles to minimize radiation exposure are to maximize distance from the radiation source, decrease
the time of exposure to radiation whenever possible, and to use equipment to shield personnel from
radiation.
How many 3-rooted permanent maxillary teeth are in the mouth of a dog? - correct answer ✔Answer:
6
The correct answer is 6. The 3-rooted permanent teeth in the maxilla of a dog are P4, M1, and M2 (so 3
on each side of the upper jaw). There are no 3-rooted permanent mandibular teeth in the dog.
You help take an impression smear from the lip of a cat and see the following cells on cytology. What
type of cells are these? - correct answer ✔Answer: Eosinophils
Note the raspberry appearance to these cells. The pink granules contained in the cells are characteristic
of eosinophils. This cat was diagnosed with an eosinophilic ulcer.
, You are assisting with thoracocentesis and the fluid removed from the chest has a very foul odor. Which
of the following types of pleural effusions is most likely? - correct answer ✔Answer: Pyothorax
Pyothorax is purulent fluid (pus) in the pleural space and most often has a very foul odor.
Chylothorax is chyle (lymphatic fluid) in the pleural space. Hemothorax is blood in the pleural space.
Pneumothorax is air in the pleural space.
A client who feeds his dog "ad libitum" follows which schedule? - correct answer ✔Answer: Free Feeds
Ad libitum feeding means free choice feeding, or leaving the food out at all times for the animal to eat
when he wants.
SID = Once daily
BID = Twice daily
A dog refuses a rectal temperature. You take his temperature under the axillary region and get a reading
of 99.5F. What is likely his core body temperature? - correct answer ✔Answer: 101.5F
A dog refuses a rectal temperature. You take his temperature under the axillary region and get a reading
of 99.5F. What is likely his core body temperature?
A 6-year old Doberman cardiac arrested and was resuscitated. However, the dog has a consistently low
systolic blood pressure of 60 mmHg. What drug may be prescribed to increase the blood pressure and
via what route? - correct answer ✔Answer: Dopamine via intravenous infusion
Question and answers correctly
solved 2026
You are working in the critical care unit and learning to perform central venous pressure readings. What
is a normal CVP reading? - correct answer ✔Answer: 0-10 cm H2O
The central venous pressure is the blood pressure of the thoracic vena cava. It is very helpful in
monitoring the hydration status of a patient. A value less than zero would indicate dehydration and a
value starting to trend upward around 5-8 indicates adequate fluids. Readings over 10 may indicate fluid
overload or venous congestion. These values should always be interpreted in light of the patient's
clinical status (i.e. body weight, skin turgor, heart rate, mucus membrane status, etc).
"Grass tetany" may been seen in sheep or goats due to a deficiency in which mineral? - correct answer
✔Magnesium deficiency may lead to "grass tetany" in sheep or goats, and sometimes in cows. It occurs
when animals graze on pastures that are low in magnesium, or during lactation when demand for
magnesium is higher. Treatment is with magnesium and calcium supplementation but can be a very
serious and life-threatening condition. Symptoms can include restlessness, staggers, an over-alert
appearance, being excitable, falling down, or convulsions and death.
You volunteered at the zoo and spent the day handling the tortoises. A day later you have
gastrointestinal symptoms. Reptiles are a major source for which of the following? - correct answer
✔Salmonella is a Gram-negative rod of the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is transmitted via the fecal-oral
route. Reptiles and sometimes birds can be chronic carriers of Salmonella. Turtles, iguanas, and snakes
are especially known to harbor the bacteria.
A 5-year-old domestic short hair cat presents with some lesions on his chin. The doctor diagnoses feline
acne and prescribes some antibiotics and ointment. Which of the following is a good suggestion a
technician could make to the owner? - correct answer ✔Answer: Avoid plastic food and water dishes
In some cats, a hypersensitivity to plastic can cause feline acne. This is a good suggestion to make to the
owner of any cat with this condition.
,You cannot make recommendations for medications other than what the doctor prescribed during the
visit. Popping the pimples can further irritate the skin and should not be performed by the owner.
Taking the cat outside will not likely help this condition.
What is the meaning of the term multiparous? - correct answer ✔Has more than one offspring at birth
Which of the following represents the source of the most radiation exposure to a veterinary technician
who is restraining a cat for a radiograph, taking the exposure, and processing the film? - correct answer
✔Answer: Scatter from the patient area
If good technique is practiced (i.e. no part of the technician is inside the primary beam), there should be
no exposure to the technician from the primary beam. Most of the radiation exposure will actually come
from scattered X-rays that interact with the patient's tissue and then go in another direction, potentially
towards the technician. There is a much smaller amount of scatter radiation that may come off of the
collimator, and no radiation should be emitted from radiograph processing equipment. The 3 important
principles to minimize radiation exposure are to maximize distance from the radiation source, decrease
the time of exposure to radiation whenever possible, and to use equipment to shield personnel from
radiation.
How many 3-rooted permanent maxillary teeth are in the mouth of a dog? - correct answer ✔Answer:
6
The correct answer is 6. The 3-rooted permanent teeth in the maxilla of a dog are P4, M1, and M2 (so 3
on each side of the upper jaw). There are no 3-rooted permanent mandibular teeth in the dog.
You help take an impression smear from the lip of a cat and see the following cells on cytology. What
type of cells are these? - correct answer ✔Answer: Eosinophils
Note the raspberry appearance to these cells. The pink granules contained in the cells are characteristic
of eosinophils. This cat was diagnosed with an eosinophilic ulcer.
, You are assisting with thoracocentesis and the fluid removed from the chest has a very foul odor. Which
of the following types of pleural effusions is most likely? - correct answer ✔Answer: Pyothorax
Pyothorax is purulent fluid (pus) in the pleural space and most often has a very foul odor.
Chylothorax is chyle (lymphatic fluid) in the pleural space. Hemothorax is blood in the pleural space.
Pneumothorax is air in the pleural space.
A client who feeds his dog "ad libitum" follows which schedule? - correct answer ✔Answer: Free Feeds
Ad libitum feeding means free choice feeding, or leaving the food out at all times for the animal to eat
when he wants.
SID = Once daily
BID = Twice daily
A dog refuses a rectal temperature. You take his temperature under the axillary region and get a reading
of 99.5F. What is likely his core body temperature? - correct answer ✔Answer: 101.5F
A dog refuses a rectal temperature. You take his temperature under the axillary region and get a reading
of 99.5F. What is likely his core body temperature?
A 6-year old Doberman cardiac arrested and was resuscitated. However, the dog has a consistently low
systolic blood pressure of 60 mmHg. What drug may be prescribed to increase the blood pressure and
via what route? - correct answer ✔Answer: Dopamine via intravenous infusion
