LANIF • 101 DOIB
Portage Learning
PORTAGE Online Nursing & Health Sciences Education
Y O U R PAT H T O S U CC E S S B E G I N S H E R E
EST. 2016
BIOD 101 — General Biology I
F I N A L E X A M I N AT I O N — CO M P R E H E N S I V E R E V I E W
INSTITUTION Portage Learning COURSE CODE BIOD 101
PROGRAM Pre-Nursing / Health Sciences Pathway ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE BIOD 101 Final Examination TOTAL QUESTIONS 70+ Questions
COURSE TITLE General Biology I FORMAT Multiple Choice / Identification / Short
Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question unless otherwise indicated.
▸ Questions cover nucleic acids, biomacromolecules, cell structure, membrane transport, and characteristics of life.
▸ Correct answers with detailed rationales are provided for comprehensive final exam preparation.
▸ Pay close attention to distinctions between DNA/RNA, transport mechanisms, and organelle functions.
BIOD 101 FINAL — COMPREHENSIVE BIOLOGY EXAMINATION Questions 1 – 70+
1. Name the three parts of a nucleic acid nucleotide.
A. Amino acid, peptide bond, and R-group.
B. Sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.
C. Glycerol, fatty acid, and phosphate.
D. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
RATIONALE Every nucleotide consists of three components: a pentose sugar (deoxyribose in DNA, ribose in RNA), a
phosphate group (which links nucleotides together), and a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine,
thymine/uracil). These are the universal building blocks of nucleic acids.
2. What are the four major differences between DNA and RNA?
A. Both are identical in structure and function.
B. DNA has deoxyribose and thymine, is double-stranded; RNA has ribose and uracil, is single-stranded.
C. DNA is single-stranded, RNA is double-stranded.
D. DNA contains uracil, RNA contains thymine.
CORRECT ANSWER B — DNA has deoxyribose and thymine, is double-stranded; RNA has ribose and uracil, is single-
stranded
RATIONALE Key differences: (1) Sugar — DNA has deoxyribose, RNA has ribose; (2) Base — DNA uses thymine (T), RNA uses
uracil (U); (3) Strands — DNA is double-stranded helix, RNA is typically single-stranded; (4) Location/function
— DNA stores genetic info in nucleus, RNA participates in protein synthesis.
, 3. In DNA's "coiled ladder" description, what forms the uprights and what forms the rungs?
A. Uprights are proteins; rungs are lipids.
B. Uprights are sugar-phosphate backbone; rungs are the nitrogenous bases.
C. Uprights are bases; rungs are sugar-phosphate backbone.
D. Uprights are hydrogen bonds; rungs are phosphates.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Uprights are the sugar-phosphate backbone; rungs are the nitrogenous bases
RATIONALE The DNA double helix resembles a twisted ladder. The "uprights" (side rails) consist of alternating deoxyribose
sugar and phosphate groups covalently bonded together. The "rungs" are pairs of nitrogenous bases (A-T, G-
C) held together by hydrogen bonds between the two antiparallel strands.
4. Explain the two differences between hydrolysis and dehydration condensation.
A. Both processes are identical.
B. Dehydration condensation synthesizes biomacromolecules (water lost, energy used); hydrolysis breaks down
biomacromolecules (water added, energy released).
C. Hydrolysis builds molecules; dehydration breaks them down.
D. Both processes release energy and add water.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Dehydration condensation synthesizes biomacromolecules (water lost, energy used); hydrolysis
breaks down biomacromolecules (water added, energy released)
RATIONALE These are opposing processes. Dehydration synthesis (condensation) joins monomers into polymers by
removing a water molecule; it is anabolic and requires energy. Hydrolysis breaks polymers into monomers by
adding a water molecule; it is catabolic and releases energy.
5. Glucose is classified as a ________ and is used as ________.
A. Lipid; cell membrane component.
B. Carbohydrate; fuel, referred to as blood sugar in humans and animals.
C. Protein; structural molecule.
D. Nucleic acid; genetic information storage.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Carbohydrate; fuel, referred to as blood sugar in humans and animals
RATIONALE Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) is a monosaccharide — the simplest carbohydrate. It is the primary energy source for
cellular respiration and is maintained in the blood at regulated levels (blood sugar). It is the building block of
more complex carbohydrates.
6. Starch is classified as a ________ and its function is ________.
A. Lipid; long-term energy storage in animals.
B. Carbohydrate; the form in which plants store glucose.
C. Protein; muscle contraction.
D. Nucleic acid; protein synthesis.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Carbohydrate; the form in which plants store glucose
RATIONALE Starch is a polysaccharide composed of glucose monomers. It is the primary storage carbohydrate in plants
(e.g., potatoes, grains). Animals store glucose as glycogen. Both starch and glycogen are polymers of glucose
used for energy storage.
Portage Learning
PORTAGE Online Nursing & Health Sciences Education
Y O U R PAT H T O S U CC E S S B E G I N S H E R E
EST. 2016
BIOD 101 — General Biology I
F I N A L E X A M I N AT I O N — CO M P R E H E N S I V E R E V I E W
INSTITUTION Portage Learning COURSE CODE BIOD 101
PROGRAM Pre-Nursing / Health Sciences Pathway ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE BIOD 101 Final Examination TOTAL QUESTIONS 70+ Questions
COURSE TITLE General Biology I FORMAT Multiple Choice / Identification / Short
Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question unless otherwise indicated.
▸ Questions cover nucleic acids, biomacromolecules, cell structure, membrane transport, and characteristics of life.
▸ Correct answers with detailed rationales are provided for comprehensive final exam preparation.
▸ Pay close attention to distinctions between DNA/RNA, transport mechanisms, and organelle functions.
BIOD 101 FINAL — COMPREHENSIVE BIOLOGY EXAMINATION Questions 1 – 70+
1. Name the three parts of a nucleic acid nucleotide.
A. Amino acid, peptide bond, and R-group.
B. Sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.
C. Glycerol, fatty acid, and phosphate.
D. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
RATIONALE Every nucleotide consists of three components: a pentose sugar (deoxyribose in DNA, ribose in RNA), a
phosphate group (which links nucleotides together), and a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine,
thymine/uracil). These are the universal building blocks of nucleic acids.
2. What are the four major differences between DNA and RNA?
A. Both are identical in structure and function.
B. DNA has deoxyribose and thymine, is double-stranded; RNA has ribose and uracil, is single-stranded.
C. DNA is single-stranded, RNA is double-stranded.
D. DNA contains uracil, RNA contains thymine.
CORRECT ANSWER B — DNA has deoxyribose and thymine, is double-stranded; RNA has ribose and uracil, is single-
stranded
RATIONALE Key differences: (1) Sugar — DNA has deoxyribose, RNA has ribose; (2) Base — DNA uses thymine (T), RNA uses
uracil (U); (3) Strands — DNA is double-stranded helix, RNA is typically single-stranded; (4) Location/function
— DNA stores genetic info in nucleus, RNA participates in protein synthesis.
, 3. In DNA's "coiled ladder" description, what forms the uprights and what forms the rungs?
A. Uprights are proteins; rungs are lipids.
B. Uprights are sugar-phosphate backbone; rungs are the nitrogenous bases.
C. Uprights are bases; rungs are sugar-phosphate backbone.
D. Uprights are hydrogen bonds; rungs are phosphates.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Uprights are the sugar-phosphate backbone; rungs are the nitrogenous bases
RATIONALE The DNA double helix resembles a twisted ladder. The "uprights" (side rails) consist of alternating deoxyribose
sugar and phosphate groups covalently bonded together. The "rungs" are pairs of nitrogenous bases (A-T, G-
C) held together by hydrogen bonds between the two antiparallel strands.
4. Explain the two differences between hydrolysis and dehydration condensation.
A. Both processes are identical.
B. Dehydration condensation synthesizes biomacromolecules (water lost, energy used); hydrolysis breaks down
biomacromolecules (water added, energy released).
C. Hydrolysis builds molecules; dehydration breaks them down.
D. Both processes release energy and add water.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Dehydration condensation synthesizes biomacromolecules (water lost, energy used); hydrolysis
breaks down biomacromolecules (water added, energy released)
RATIONALE These are opposing processes. Dehydration synthesis (condensation) joins monomers into polymers by
removing a water molecule; it is anabolic and requires energy. Hydrolysis breaks polymers into monomers by
adding a water molecule; it is catabolic and releases energy.
5. Glucose is classified as a ________ and is used as ________.
A. Lipid; cell membrane component.
B. Carbohydrate; fuel, referred to as blood sugar in humans and animals.
C. Protein; structural molecule.
D. Nucleic acid; genetic information storage.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Carbohydrate; fuel, referred to as blood sugar in humans and animals
RATIONALE Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) is a monosaccharide — the simplest carbohydrate. It is the primary energy source for
cellular respiration and is maintained in the blood at regulated levels (blood sugar). It is the building block of
more complex carbohydrates.
6. Starch is classified as a ________ and its function is ________.
A. Lipid; long-term energy storage in animals.
B. Carbohydrate; the form in which plants store glucose.
C. Protein; muscle contraction.
D. Nucleic acid; protein synthesis.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Carbohydrate; the form in which plants store glucose
RATIONALE Starch is a polysaccharide composed of glucose monomers. It is the primary storage carbohydrate in plants
(e.g., potatoes, grains). Animals store glucose as glycogen. Both starch and glycogen are polymers of glucose
used for energy storage.
