Macule - Answers < 1 cm in diameter, flat, non-palpable, circumscribed, discolored
Patch - Answers > 1 cm in diameter, flat, non-palpable, irregular shape, discolored
Papule - Answers < 1 cm in diameter, raised, palpable, firm
Nodule - Answers > 1 cm, raised, solid
Plaque - Answers > 1 cm, raised, superficial, flat-topped, rough
Tumor - Answers Large nodule
Wheal - Answers Raised, irregular area of edema, solid, transient variable size
Cyst - Answers Raised, circumscribed, encapsulated with a wall and lumen, and filled with liquid or
semisolid
Malignant Diseases - Answers Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Melanoma
Paget's disease
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Kaposi's sarcoma
Metastasis to the skin
Red Flags in the Skin Assessment - Answers Fever
Ill appearance
Extreme of age (young or old)
Purpura or petichiae
Generalized or musculoskeletal pain
Immunocompromised
Lymphadenopathy
Commonly offending drugs
Nonhealing chronic lesion
Chronic, irregular, and evolving lesion greater than 6 mm
Oral lesions
Premalignant Disease: - Answers Actinic keratosis: leads to squamous cancer
Keratoacanthoma: leads to squamous cancer
Dysplastic nevus: mole that changes in appearance
Geriatric Skin Changes - Answers Less subq fat, less collagen, less sweat glands, less hair follicles
Xerosis: dryness of skin
Stasis dermatitis
Rosacea
Benign skin tumors such as seborrheic keratosis (waxy stuck on lesions)- very common in elderly
Skin tags: acrochordon
Weber Test - Answers performed with a tuning fork (500-1,000 Hz). The test measures the patient's
ability to hear sound bilaterally. The tuning fork is tapped gently, and the base of the tuning fork is
placed on the midline of the patient's head. The patient should hear the vibration equally in both ears
Rinne Test - Answers This test uses a tuning fork to assess and compare the patient's ability to hear
both through bone and air conduction. The vibrating tuning fork is placed on the patient's
mastoid bone (bone conduction). When the patient indicates the tuning fork is no longer heard, the
examiner positions the tines of the fork in front of the ear (air conduction) until the patient signals
that the sound is no longer heard in that manner. The amount of time the patient hears the vibration
in both positions is noted, and the maneuver is repeated on the opposite side. Air conduction should
be twice as long as
bone, and the results should be similar for both ears.
Tympanocentesis - Answers involves aspiration of middle ear fluid by a specialist, should
be considered in patients with recurrent otitis media to identify the causative organisms.
Pneumatic otoscopy - Answers should be used to determine whether the TM is mobile.
Immobility of the TM indicates fluid in the middle ear
Rosacea - Answers Redness, papules, hyperplasia
Allergies - Answers Pale, boggy turbinates
Clear, copious discharge
skull fracture - Answers Thin, honey-colored sinus drainage following head trauma may indicate what