NR507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WEEK 2 EXAM CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY
NR507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WEEK
2 EXAM CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE
2026
Advanced Pathophysiology – Cellular Biology,
Genetics, Cancer Biology, and Altered Cellular
Function
Questions 1–10
1. A cell exposed to severe ATP depletion is most likely to experience:
A. Increased protein synthesis
B. Failure of the sodium-potassium pump
C. Enhanced DNA replication
D. Increased membrane stability
Answer: B
Rationale: ATP depletion impairs the Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase pump, causing sodium and water
accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling.
2. Which cellular adaptation is most likely to occur in the left ventricle of a
patient with chronic hypertension?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Hypertrophy
D. Dysplasia
Answer: C
Rationale: Cardiac muscle cells enlarge rather than increase in number, producing hypertrophy.
, NR507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WEEK 2 EXAM CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY
3. Apoptosis differs from necrosis because apoptosis:
A. Causes inflammation
B. Results from severe injury only
C. Is a programmed process of cell death
D. Always affects large groups of cells
Answer: C
Rationale: Apoptosis is an organized, energy-dependent process that usually does not trigger
inflammation.
4. Which tumor suppressor gene is commonly called the "guardian of the
genome"?
A. MYC
B. RAS
C. p53
D. HER2
Answer: C
Rationale: p53 halts cell-cycle progression and promotes DNA repair or apoptosis.
5. A patient with Barrett esophagus is at increased risk for:
A. Hyperplasia only
B. Metaplasia progressing to dysplasia and cancer
C. Necrosis only
D. Hypertrophy
Answer: B
Rationale: Barrett esophagus involves metaplasia that can progress to dysplasia and
adenocarcinoma.
6. Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
NR507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WEEK
2 EXAM CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE
2026
Advanced Pathophysiology – Cellular Biology,
Genetics, Cancer Biology, and Altered Cellular
Function
Questions 1–10
1. A cell exposed to severe ATP depletion is most likely to experience:
A. Increased protein synthesis
B. Failure of the sodium-potassium pump
C. Enhanced DNA replication
D. Increased membrane stability
Answer: B
Rationale: ATP depletion impairs the Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase pump, causing sodium and water
accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling.
2. Which cellular adaptation is most likely to occur in the left ventricle of a
patient with chronic hypertension?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Hypertrophy
D. Dysplasia
Answer: C
Rationale: Cardiac muscle cells enlarge rather than increase in number, producing hypertrophy.
, NR507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WEEK 2 EXAM CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY
3. Apoptosis differs from necrosis because apoptosis:
A. Causes inflammation
B. Results from severe injury only
C. Is a programmed process of cell death
D. Always affects large groups of cells
Answer: C
Rationale: Apoptosis is an organized, energy-dependent process that usually does not trigger
inflammation.
4. Which tumor suppressor gene is commonly called the "guardian of the
genome"?
A. MYC
B. RAS
C. p53
D. HER2
Answer: C
Rationale: p53 halts cell-cycle progression and promotes DNA repair or apoptosis.
5. A patient with Barrett esophagus is at increased risk for:
A. Hyperplasia only
B. Metaplasia progressing to dysplasia and cancer
C. Necrosis only
D. Hypertrophy
Answer: B
Rationale: Barrett esophagus involves metaplasia that can progress to dysplasia and
adenocarcinoma.
6. Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
