Describe and Evaluate the Working Memory Model
WMM- Baddeley and Hitch Central executive Visuo- spatial sketch pad
Representation of short-term memory. It Controls and directs information to slave systems. Visual and spatial information is store here. It has a
suggests that STM is a dynamic processor of limited capacity of 3-4 objects.
different types of information using sub units Decided what working memory pays attention to (filter
coordinated by central decision making system. for all sensory info). – Gives priority to certain tasks. Subdivisions- Visual cache, stores visual data
about form or color. Inner scribe records the
Have 4 main components, each which is different in Limited capacity- data arrives from senses but can’t arrangements of objects in the visual field and
terms of capacity and coding. hold it for long. rehearses and transfers info in the visual cache to
central E.
Concerned with part of mind that is active when we Phonological loop- temporary storage for verbal
temporarily store and manipulate information information, and preserves order in which it arrives. Episodic buffer- temporary store for information, it
(active STM). integrates the info processed by other stores and
Mainly acoustic, limited capacity of 2 sec. Two maintains time sequence (records events
components are phonological store- temporary happening). It’s the storage for C.E and has a
storage for the words you heard, articulatory capacity of 4 chunks, links WMM to LTM.
process maintenance rehearsal of acoustic
information.
Evidence from KF Brain scans Evidence of VSS
Braver et al gave p’s tasks involving the CE while P’s were given a visual tracing task and at the
Strength comes from KF; He had suffered a having a brain scan. same time they were given one of two other tasks-
brain damage after a motorcycle accident. task 1 describe all angles of letter F or task 2-
He found greater activity in an area in the left perform a verbal task.
He could recall information from his LTM but not prefrontal cortex and as the task got harder the
his STM, he could remember images but not activity in this area increased. They found that task 1 was very difficult but not
sounds (acoustic info). task 2 because the second task involved two
This supports the WMM as it shows that as demands different components.
This suggest there are at least 2 components on the CE increase it has to work harder to fulfill its
within the STM one for visual and one for function showing that the CE may have physical Therefore this shows that there must be two
acoustic, therefore supporting the idea of the reality in the brain. separate slave systems that process visual input.
phonological loop and the visuo spatial sketch
bad.
Lack of clarity over the CE World length effect
Psychologists suggest this component of the The phonological loop holds the amount of information
WMM is too simplistic and doesn’t explain you can say in 2 seconds. This is supported by the
anything. word length effect.
This was shown when baddley stated that it is Baddley found that it is hard to remember a list of
the most important but least understood long words rather than short words, example
component. Some psychologists may believe it “representative” compared to “twice” therefore,
may contain separate components. rehearsal for longer words is inhibited. The word
length effect disappears if an articulatory suppression
Therefore, this suggests the WMM is not full task is given (the, the, the), as unable to use P.L to
WMM- Baddeley and Hitch Central executive Visuo- spatial sketch pad
Representation of short-term memory. It Controls and directs information to slave systems. Visual and spatial information is store here. It has a
suggests that STM is a dynamic processor of limited capacity of 3-4 objects.
different types of information using sub units Decided what working memory pays attention to (filter
coordinated by central decision making system. for all sensory info). – Gives priority to certain tasks. Subdivisions- Visual cache, stores visual data
about form or color. Inner scribe records the
Have 4 main components, each which is different in Limited capacity- data arrives from senses but can’t arrangements of objects in the visual field and
terms of capacity and coding. hold it for long. rehearses and transfers info in the visual cache to
central E.
Concerned with part of mind that is active when we Phonological loop- temporary storage for verbal
temporarily store and manipulate information information, and preserves order in which it arrives. Episodic buffer- temporary store for information, it
(active STM). integrates the info processed by other stores and
Mainly acoustic, limited capacity of 2 sec. Two maintains time sequence (records events
components are phonological store- temporary happening). It’s the storage for C.E and has a
storage for the words you heard, articulatory capacity of 4 chunks, links WMM to LTM.
process maintenance rehearsal of acoustic
information.
Evidence from KF Brain scans Evidence of VSS
Braver et al gave p’s tasks involving the CE while P’s were given a visual tracing task and at the
Strength comes from KF; He had suffered a having a brain scan. same time they were given one of two other tasks-
brain damage after a motorcycle accident. task 1 describe all angles of letter F or task 2-
He found greater activity in an area in the left perform a verbal task.
He could recall information from his LTM but not prefrontal cortex and as the task got harder the
his STM, he could remember images but not activity in this area increased. They found that task 1 was very difficult but not
sounds (acoustic info). task 2 because the second task involved two
This supports the WMM as it shows that as demands different components.
This suggest there are at least 2 components on the CE increase it has to work harder to fulfill its
within the STM one for visual and one for function showing that the CE may have physical Therefore this shows that there must be two
acoustic, therefore supporting the idea of the reality in the brain. separate slave systems that process visual input.
phonological loop and the visuo spatial sketch
bad.
Lack of clarity over the CE World length effect
Psychologists suggest this component of the The phonological loop holds the amount of information
WMM is too simplistic and doesn’t explain you can say in 2 seconds. This is supported by the
anything. word length effect.
This was shown when baddley stated that it is Baddley found that it is hard to remember a list of
the most important but least understood long words rather than short words, example
component. Some psychologists may believe it “representative” compared to “twice” therefore,
may contain separate components. rehearsal for longer words is inhibited. The word
length effect disappears if an articulatory suppression
Therefore, this suggests the WMM is not full task is given (the, the, the), as unable to use P.L to
