POPM 3240 Midterm 1 ACTUAL UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Epidemiology The study of the frequency, distribution, and
determinants of health and disease in populations,
and the application of this study to control health
problems
(essentially who gets the disease? where? when?
why?)
Edward Jenner -Smallpox in late 18th century
-Observed that dairy maids were not getting
smallpox since they had cowpox (Black Box
Epidemiology...purely observational)
-Gave a little boy cowpox and a few weeks later
infected him with smallpox and he was fine
-Essentially developed the first vaccination for
smallpox
Who is the "Father of Immunology"? Edward Jenner
Black Box Epidemiology Using observational data and conducting trials
based on this data to determine how the disease is
transmitted and who is susceptible to the disease
,James Lind -Scottish doctor in Royal Navy
-Scurvy
-Conducted an early randomized control trial
-6 groups of 2 men received varying treatments
(citrus fruits, other diets, nothing)
-Ones given citrus fruit recovered in a dramatic
fashion compared to others
-Essentially showed that citrus fruits cured scurvy
(was not the first to suggest citrus fruits as a cure
for scurvy but was the first to do an experiment to
investigate their effect)
Who is the "Father of Nautical James Lind
Medicine"?
Sir Percival Pott -English physician
-Made one of earliest accounts of a cause and
effect linkage for an occupational carcinogen
-Noticed that chimney boys were getting cancer in
their testicles...made the connection between dirty
chimney soot getting lodged in the folds of their
scrotum when they went up the chimney naked due
to the tight space
, John Snow -Anesthesiologist
-Cholera (profound diarrhea, severe dehydration
(2-3 days), roughly half of patients died)
-Everyone thought it was airborne but he believed
it was in the water (it showed up in the gut and
doctors didn't have it)
-Used his "shoe leather" to go house to house
collecting data
-Mapped out cases of Cholera death in London
-Most deaths were around the same area of the
"Broad Street Water Pump"
-2 water companies supplied water to the pump,
they took their water downstream, and below the
well was a sewage tank
How have epi approaches changed It started out with trying to solve problems (small
throughout the ages? pox, scurvy) to looking at chronic diseases,
molecular aspects, genetics aspects and social
aspects which now all come together to solve
problems and understand disease
Health "A state of complete physical, mental, and social
wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease
or infirmity"
What is the difference between -Disease is a physiological/psychological
disease and illness? dysfunction
-Illness is feeling unwell emotionally even though
you might be physically and mentally well
Determinant Any factor that when altered produces a change in
the frequency or characteristics of the disease
(exposure, risk factor, independent, predictor or
explanatory variable)
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Epidemiology The study of the frequency, distribution, and
determinants of health and disease in populations,
and the application of this study to control health
problems
(essentially who gets the disease? where? when?
why?)
Edward Jenner -Smallpox in late 18th century
-Observed that dairy maids were not getting
smallpox since they had cowpox (Black Box
Epidemiology...purely observational)
-Gave a little boy cowpox and a few weeks later
infected him with smallpox and he was fine
-Essentially developed the first vaccination for
smallpox
Who is the "Father of Immunology"? Edward Jenner
Black Box Epidemiology Using observational data and conducting trials
based on this data to determine how the disease is
transmitted and who is susceptible to the disease
,James Lind -Scottish doctor in Royal Navy
-Scurvy
-Conducted an early randomized control trial
-6 groups of 2 men received varying treatments
(citrus fruits, other diets, nothing)
-Ones given citrus fruit recovered in a dramatic
fashion compared to others
-Essentially showed that citrus fruits cured scurvy
(was not the first to suggest citrus fruits as a cure
for scurvy but was the first to do an experiment to
investigate their effect)
Who is the "Father of Nautical James Lind
Medicine"?
Sir Percival Pott -English physician
-Made one of earliest accounts of a cause and
effect linkage for an occupational carcinogen
-Noticed that chimney boys were getting cancer in
their testicles...made the connection between dirty
chimney soot getting lodged in the folds of their
scrotum when they went up the chimney naked due
to the tight space
, John Snow -Anesthesiologist
-Cholera (profound diarrhea, severe dehydration
(2-3 days), roughly half of patients died)
-Everyone thought it was airborne but he believed
it was in the water (it showed up in the gut and
doctors didn't have it)
-Used his "shoe leather" to go house to house
collecting data
-Mapped out cases of Cholera death in London
-Most deaths were around the same area of the
"Broad Street Water Pump"
-2 water companies supplied water to the pump,
they took their water downstream, and below the
well was a sewage tank
How have epi approaches changed It started out with trying to solve problems (small
throughout the ages? pox, scurvy) to looking at chronic diseases,
molecular aspects, genetics aspects and social
aspects which now all come together to solve
problems and understand disease
Health "A state of complete physical, mental, and social
wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease
or infirmity"
What is the difference between -Disease is a physiological/psychological
disease and illness? dysfunction
-Illness is feeling unwell emotionally even though
you might be physically and mentally well
Determinant Any factor that when altered produces a change in
the frequency or characteristics of the disease
(exposure, risk factor, independent, predictor or
explanatory variable)
