BIOD 210 — Genetics | Module 1 Exam — Genetics | Chromosomes ·
Cell Division · Mitosis · Meiosis 2026/2027 UPDATE
1. Which of the following describes the primary function of DNA within the cell?
A. To serve as the site of protein synthesis
B. To act as an enzyme in metabolic reactions
C. To provide structural support to the cell membrane
D. To store and transmit genetic information
Answer: D
Rationale: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule that stores the genetic instructions
for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms.
2. In a human somatic cell, how many chromosomes are typically present?
A. 46
B. 44
C. 23
D. 92
Answer: A
Rationale: Human somatic (body) cells are diploid (2n), containing 46 chromosomes
organized into 23 pairs.
,3. During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
A. G1 phase
B. S phase
C. G2 phase
D. M phase
Answer: B
Rationale: The S phase (Synthesis phase) of the cell cycle is when the DNA is replicated to
ensure that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.
4. What is the structure that holds two sister chromatids together?
A. Centrosome
B. Centromere
C. Centriole
D. Telomere
Answer: B
Rationale: The centromere is the specialized DNA sequence that links a pair of sister
chromatids together.
5. Which phase of mitosis involves the alignment of chromosomes along the
center of the cell?
A. Metaphase
B. Prophase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
Answer: A
Rationale: During metaphase, chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate (the equator of
the cell) before being separated.
, 6. Sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles during which
phase of mitosis?
A. Anaphase
B. Prometaphase
C. Prophase
D. Telophase
Answer: A
Rationale: In anaphase, the centromeres split and the sister chromatids are pulled toward
opposite ends of the cell.
7. What is the result of mitosis in terms of daughter cells?
A. Four genetically unique haploid cells
B. Two genetically identical diploid cells
C. Two genetically unique diploid cells
D. Four genetically identical haploid cells
Answer: B
Rationale: Mitosis produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other
and the original parent cell.
8. How many rounds of division occur in meiosis?
A. One
B. Four
C. Three
D. Two
Answer: D
Rationale: Meiosis consists of two successive divisions: Meiosis I and Meiosis II.
Cell Division · Mitosis · Meiosis 2026/2027 UPDATE
1. Which of the following describes the primary function of DNA within the cell?
A. To serve as the site of protein synthesis
B. To act as an enzyme in metabolic reactions
C. To provide structural support to the cell membrane
D. To store and transmit genetic information
Answer: D
Rationale: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule that stores the genetic instructions
for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms.
2. In a human somatic cell, how many chromosomes are typically present?
A. 46
B. 44
C. 23
D. 92
Answer: A
Rationale: Human somatic (body) cells are diploid (2n), containing 46 chromosomes
organized into 23 pairs.
,3. During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
A. G1 phase
B. S phase
C. G2 phase
D. M phase
Answer: B
Rationale: The S phase (Synthesis phase) of the cell cycle is when the DNA is replicated to
ensure that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.
4. What is the structure that holds two sister chromatids together?
A. Centrosome
B. Centromere
C. Centriole
D. Telomere
Answer: B
Rationale: The centromere is the specialized DNA sequence that links a pair of sister
chromatids together.
5. Which phase of mitosis involves the alignment of chromosomes along the
center of the cell?
A. Metaphase
B. Prophase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
Answer: A
Rationale: During metaphase, chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate (the equator of
the cell) before being separated.
, 6. Sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles during which
phase of mitosis?
A. Anaphase
B. Prometaphase
C. Prophase
D. Telophase
Answer: A
Rationale: In anaphase, the centromeres split and the sister chromatids are pulled toward
opposite ends of the cell.
7. What is the result of mitosis in terms of daughter cells?
A. Four genetically unique haploid cells
B. Two genetically identical diploid cells
C. Two genetically unique diploid cells
D. Four genetically identical haploid cells
Answer: B
Rationale: Mitosis produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other
and the original parent cell.
8. How many rounds of division occur in meiosis?
A. One
B. Four
C. Three
D. Two
Answer: D
Rationale: Meiosis consists of two successive divisions: Meiosis I and Meiosis II.
