BPK 140 MIDTERM HIGH-YIELD TOPICS
SUMMARY 2026
◉ Health care providers.
Answer: - doctors
- nurses
- nurse practitioners
◉ Medical rights.
Answer: Patients have the right to:
• access their records and to have those records kept private (an
issue now that more records are kept electronically). It is illegal to
keep patient records on a server located outside of Canada;
• receive treatment that provides a reasonable degree of care;
• know about potential dangers and benefits of any treatment;
• receive competent diagnosis and treatment;
• retain control and dignity of person;
• designate a person to make your decisions if you cannot.
◉ Physicians.
Answer: 1. Graduate from an accredited medical school
2. Pass an examination
,3. Finish an internship
4. Pay a license fee to the provincial College of Physicians and
Surgeons
◉ Nurses.
Answer: 1. 2009 - 350,000 Regulated Nurses in Canada
2. Registered Nurses (RN): 76%
3. Licensed practical Nurses (LPN): 22%
4. Registered Psychiatric Nurses (RPN): 2%
Administration High turnover rate: (low job satisfaction/burnout)
1.Highest in ICU (26.7%/yr)
2.Replacement costs: $25,000
◉ Extra Billling.
Answer: - Extra billing is when a health care practitioner requires
the patient to pay the physician a fee in addition to the fee the
practitioner receives from the provincial health insurance plan.
• Extra-billing is seen as a barrier or impediment for people seeking
medical care.
• The 1984 Canada Health Act empowered the federal government
to withdraw funds from provinces that permitted extra billing or
that charged any user fees (Dollar for Dollar).
, • If $90 million worth of extra billings are made in Ontario, the
federal government gives Ontario $90 million less.
◉ Services not covered in BC.
Answer: • Services that are deemed to be not medically required,
such as cosmetic surgery.
• Dental services, except as outlined under benefits.
• Routine eye examinations for persons 19 to 64 years of age.
• Eyeglasses, hearing aids, and other equipment or appliances.
• Prescription drugs.
• Chiropractic, massage therapy, naturopathy, physical therapy, and
non-surgical podiatry services (except for MSP beneficiaries with
premium assistance status).
◉ Canada vs. USA.
Answer: • In Canada the plan is paid for with public funds.
• In the USA it is a patchwork of mostly private with some public
support for specific groups (i.e 65 and older). Private funding is
usually paid by the employer and is a tax free benefit.
• Per capita spending is higher in the USA compared to other
developed countries with publically funded programs.
◉ Problems with health care costs in Canada.
Answer: • The cost continues to rise. Where do you place priorities?.
SUMMARY 2026
◉ Health care providers.
Answer: - doctors
- nurses
- nurse practitioners
◉ Medical rights.
Answer: Patients have the right to:
• access their records and to have those records kept private (an
issue now that more records are kept electronically). It is illegal to
keep patient records on a server located outside of Canada;
• receive treatment that provides a reasonable degree of care;
• know about potential dangers and benefits of any treatment;
• receive competent diagnosis and treatment;
• retain control and dignity of person;
• designate a person to make your decisions if you cannot.
◉ Physicians.
Answer: 1. Graduate from an accredited medical school
2. Pass an examination
,3. Finish an internship
4. Pay a license fee to the provincial College of Physicians and
Surgeons
◉ Nurses.
Answer: 1. 2009 - 350,000 Regulated Nurses in Canada
2. Registered Nurses (RN): 76%
3. Licensed practical Nurses (LPN): 22%
4. Registered Psychiatric Nurses (RPN): 2%
Administration High turnover rate: (low job satisfaction/burnout)
1.Highest in ICU (26.7%/yr)
2.Replacement costs: $25,000
◉ Extra Billling.
Answer: - Extra billing is when a health care practitioner requires
the patient to pay the physician a fee in addition to the fee the
practitioner receives from the provincial health insurance plan.
• Extra-billing is seen as a barrier or impediment for people seeking
medical care.
• The 1984 Canada Health Act empowered the federal government
to withdraw funds from provinces that permitted extra billing or
that charged any user fees (Dollar for Dollar).
, • If $90 million worth of extra billings are made in Ontario, the
federal government gives Ontario $90 million less.
◉ Services not covered in BC.
Answer: • Services that are deemed to be not medically required,
such as cosmetic surgery.
• Dental services, except as outlined under benefits.
• Routine eye examinations for persons 19 to 64 years of age.
• Eyeglasses, hearing aids, and other equipment or appliances.
• Prescription drugs.
• Chiropractic, massage therapy, naturopathy, physical therapy, and
non-surgical podiatry services (except for MSP beneficiaries with
premium assistance status).
◉ Canada vs. USA.
Answer: • In Canada the plan is paid for with public funds.
• In the USA it is a patchwork of mostly private with some public
support for specific groups (i.e 65 and older). Private funding is
usually paid by the employer and is a tax free benefit.
• Per capita spending is higher in the USA compared to other
developed countries with publically funded programs.
◉ Problems with health care costs in Canada.
Answer: • The cost continues to rise. Where do you place priorities?.
