BPK 140 FINAL EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS
WITH DETAILED EXPLANATIONS 2026
◉ Digestion.
Answer: Breaks food down into nutrients
Small enough to be absorbed into blood
◉ Diet.
Answer: Food or drinks you regularly consume
Determines the nutrient composition
◉ Fat.
Answer: Any calories consumed in excess of body's needs
◉ Digestive system.
Answer: Food partially broken down from being chewed and mixed
with saliva in mouth
Then travels to stomach via esophagus
Food broken down further from stomach acids and other secretions
Food is mixed by muscular contractions and broken down by
chemicals as food moves through digestive tract
,Most absorption of nutrients occurs in small intestine (aided by
secretions from pancreas, gallbladder, intestinal lining)
Large intestine reabsorbs excess water
Remaining solid wastes collected in rectum and excreted through
the anus
◉ Macronutrients: Protein.
Answer: Basic framework of muscles, bones, blood, hair, fingernails
Critical for growth and repair
Made of combinations of 21 amino acids (9 essential - body cannot
produce)
Animal proteins (meat, poultry, fish) and soy are complete
Complete proteins - contains all 9 essential amino acids
Grains, dry beans, nuts are incomplete
- lack some or all essential amino acids
- incomplete proteins together can make complete proteins
Recommended intake: 0.8 g/kg of bodyweight/day
Provides 4 kcal/g (not primary source of energy
◉ Macronutrients: Fats (lipids).
Answer: Provides 9 kcal/g (dense energy source)
Main fuel source during rest and light + long endurance activities
,Carry fat-soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K)
Protect organs from injury
Help regulate body temperature
Involved in growth and development
Used to make some hormones
Any excess calories stored in triglycerides
◉ Macronutrients: Fats (lipids) types.
Answer: Unsaturated fats (e.g. vegetable)
- liquid at room temperature; healthier
- may help decrease risk of CVD
Saturated fats (e.g. animal fats)
- sold at room temperature; less healthy
- associated with high CVD risk
Trans fats (e.g. hydrogenated fats)
- synthetic unsaturated fat; unhealthy
- most strongly linked to CVD
- minimize or eliminate from diet
◉ Macronutrients: Carbohydrates.
Answer: Primary source of energy for body's cells
Brain uses only carbohydrates for fuel
, Metabolized to simple sugars (e.g. glucose) - circulates in body and
taken up by cells
Supplies 4 kcal/g of energy
Simple carbs: 1 or 2 sugar units
- table sugar, fruit, milk, sugar added to sweets
- more likely to produce hyperglycemia
Complex carbs: longer chains of sugar units
- grains, cereals, vegetables, beans
- takes longer to digest, richer in fibre
- helps regulate blood glucose, promote fullness
- animals store some carbs as glycogen (in liver and muscle)
Fibre:
- complex plant carb we cannot digest
- promotes regularity and heart health
- whole wheats, ryes, oats, barley
◉ Micronutrients: Vitamins & Minerals.
Answer: Vitamins:
- organic compound (contains carbon)
- helps regulate body growth, maintain tissue, release energy from
foods
WITH DETAILED EXPLANATIONS 2026
◉ Digestion.
Answer: Breaks food down into nutrients
Small enough to be absorbed into blood
◉ Diet.
Answer: Food or drinks you regularly consume
Determines the nutrient composition
◉ Fat.
Answer: Any calories consumed in excess of body's needs
◉ Digestive system.
Answer: Food partially broken down from being chewed and mixed
with saliva in mouth
Then travels to stomach via esophagus
Food broken down further from stomach acids and other secretions
Food is mixed by muscular contractions and broken down by
chemicals as food moves through digestive tract
,Most absorption of nutrients occurs in small intestine (aided by
secretions from pancreas, gallbladder, intestinal lining)
Large intestine reabsorbs excess water
Remaining solid wastes collected in rectum and excreted through
the anus
◉ Macronutrients: Protein.
Answer: Basic framework of muscles, bones, blood, hair, fingernails
Critical for growth and repair
Made of combinations of 21 amino acids (9 essential - body cannot
produce)
Animal proteins (meat, poultry, fish) and soy are complete
Complete proteins - contains all 9 essential amino acids
Grains, dry beans, nuts are incomplete
- lack some or all essential amino acids
- incomplete proteins together can make complete proteins
Recommended intake: 0.8 g/kg of bodyweight/day
Provides 4 kcal/g (not primary source of energy
◉ Macronutrients: Fats (lipids).
Answer: Provides 9 kcal/g (dense energy source)
Main fuel source during rest and light + long endurance activities
,Carry fat-soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K)
Protect organs from injury
Help regulate body temperature
Involved in growth and development
Used to make some hormones
Any excess calories stored in triglycerides
◉ Macronutrients: Fats (lipids) types.
Answer: Unsaturated fats (e.g. vegetable)
- liquid at room temperature; healthier
- may help decrease risk of CVD
Saturated fats (e.g. animal fats)
- sold at room temperature; less healthy
- associated with high CVD risk
Trans fats (e.g. hydrogenated fats)
- synthetic unsaturated fat; unhealthy
- most strongly linked to CVD
- minimize or eliminate from diet
◉ Macronutrients: Carbohydrates.
Answer: Primary source of energy for body's cells
Brain uses only carbohydrates for fuel
, Metabolized to simple sugars (e.g. glucose) - circulates in body and
taken up by cells
Supplies 4 kcal/g of energy
Simple carbs: 1 or 2 sugar units
- table sugar, fruit, milk, sugar added to sweets
- more likely to produce hyperglycemia
Complex carbs: longer chains of sugar units
- grains, cereals, vegetables, beans
- takes longer to digest, richer in fibre
- helps regulate blood glucose, promote fullness
- animals store some carbs as glycogen (in liver and muscle)
Fibre:
- complex plant carb we cannot digest
- promotes regularity and heart health
- whole wheats, ryes, oats, barley
◉ Micronutrients: Vitamins & Minerals.
Answer: Vitamins:
- organic compound (contains carbon)
- helps regulate body growth, maintain tissue, release energy from
foods
