PNH301 - Test 2 Exam Questions & Answers |
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Terms in this set (128)
What is high blood pressure? 140/90 mmHg
Primary HTN elevated BP in the absence of underlying disease
Secondary HTN high BP due to underlying pathophysiology
(disease/disorder)
Diseases/Disorders that Contribute - kidney disease
to HTN - endocrine disorders
- pregnancy
- medications (steroids, contraceptives)
- neurological disorders
- congenital aortic disorders (coarctation or
narrowing)
Diagnosing Hypertension - urinalysis
(identifying if there's an underlying - blood chemistry (K+, Na, blood urea, and
cause) creatinine)
- fasting blood glucose
- fasting total cholesterol
- 12 lead EKG
,Complications of HTN - coronary artery disease
- left ventricular hypertrophy
- heart failure
- cerebrovascular disease
- peripheral arterial disease
- nephrosclerosis
- retinal damage
- arterial vessels of lower extremities
Prevalence of HTN in specific - prevalence increases with age
groups - women with high BP have a greater risk for
cardiovascular disease
- Indigenous people have a higher incidence of
cardiovascular disease than non-indigenous
people in Canada
- more prevalent in older women than in older
men
Secondary Symptom's of HTN - fatigue
- decreased activity tolerance
- palpitations
- angina
- dyspnea
Lifestyle Modifications (HTN) - nutrition
- weight reduction
- modification in alcohol consumption
- physical activity
- avoidance of tobacco products
- stress management
Goals of HTN Management - achieve and maintain target BP
- understand and implement therapeutic plan
- menial or no unpleasant adverse effects
- confidence of ability to manage and cope with
condition
, Age- Related Considerations (HTN) - loss of tissue elasticity
- increased collagen content and stiffness of the
myocardium
- increased peripheral vascular resistance
- decreased B-adrenergic receptor sensitivity
- blunting of baroreceptor reflexes
- decreased kidney function
- decreased renin response to sodium and water
depletion
What is a hypertensive crisis? - severe abrupt increases in DBP (defined as
>120-130 mmHg)
- rate of increase in BP is more important than the
absolute value
- often occurs in patients with a hisotry of HTN
who have failed to adhere to their medication
regimen or who have been under medicated
(180/120)
Hypertensive Crisis: Clinical - encephaopathy, cerebral hemorrhage
Manifestations - acute renal failure
- MI
- acute left ventricular failure with pulmonary
edema
- dissecting aortic aneurysm
Management of Hypertensive Crisis - IV
- Monitor cardiac/renal function
- ongoing regular assessment
- neurological checks
- determine cause
- education
100% Verified solutions (2026) UPDATE |2026!!
STUDY GUIDE EXAM
Save
Terms in this set (128)
What is high blood pressure? 140/90 mmHg
Primary HTN elevated BP in the absence of underlying disease
Secondary HTN high BP due to underlying pathophysiology
(disease/disorder)
Diseases/Disorders that Contribute - kidney disease
to HTN - endocrine disorders
- pregnancy
- medications (steroids, contraceptives)
- neurological disorders
- congenital aortic disorders (coarctation or
narrowing)
Diagnosing Hypertension - urinalysis
(identifying if there's an underlying - blood chemistry (K+, Na, blood urea, and
cause) creatinine)
- fasting blood glucose
- fasting total cholesterol
- 12 lead EKG
,Complications of HTN - coronary artery disease
- left ventricular hypertrophy
- heart failure
- cerebrovascular disease
- peripheral arterial disease
- nephrosclerosis
- retinal damage
- arterial vessels of lower extremities
Prevalence of HTN in specific - prevalence increases with age
groups - women with high BP have a greater risk for
cardiovascular disease
- Indigenous people have a higher incidence of
cardiovascular disease than non-indigenous
people in Canada
- more prevalent in older women than in older
men
Secondary Symptom's of HTN - fatigue
- decreased activity tolerance
- palpitations
- angina
- dyspnea
Lifestyle Modifications (HTN) - nutrition
- weight reduction
- modification in alcohol consumption
- physical activity
- avoidance of tobacco products
- stress management
Goals of HTN Management - achieve and maintain target BP
- understand and implement therapeutic plan
- menial or no unpleasant adverse effects
- confidence of ability to manage and cope with
condition
, Age- Related Considerations (HTN) - loss of tissue elasticity
- increased collagen content and stiffness of the
myocardium
- increased peripheral vascular resistance
- decreased B-adrenergic receptor sensitivity
- blunting of baroreceptor reflexes
- decreased kidney function
- decreased renin response to sodium and water
depletion
What is a hypertensive crisis? - severe abrupt increases in DBP (defined as
>120-130 mmHg)
- rate of increase in BP is more important than the
absolute value
- often occurs in patients with a hisotry of HTN
who have failed to adhere to their medication
regimen or who have been under medicated
(180/120)
Hypertensive Crisis: Clinical - encephaopathy, cerebral hemorrhage
Manifestations - acute renal failure
- MI
- acute left ventricular failure with pulmonary
edema
- dissecting aortic aneurysm
Management of Hypertensive Crisis - IV
- Monitor cardiac/renal function
- ongoing regular assessment
- neurological checks
- determine cause
- education
