MDC 3 EXAMINATION TEST PAPER WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION AND REVIEW
MATERIAL
●● if a patient's lung are not functioning very well and they are unable
to remove or blow off CO2 very well, the CO2 will build up in their
system becoming
Answer: acidic, respiratory acidosis
●● Perfusion
Answer: is adequate arterial blood flow through the peripheral tissues
(peripheral perfusion) and blood that is pumped by the heart to
oxygenate major body organs (central perfusion)
●● upper respiratory tract
Answer: nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx
●● Lower respiratory tract
Answer: Lungs,Trachea, two mainstem bronchi, lobar, segmental, and
subsegmental bronchi; bronchioles; alveolar ducts; alveoli
●● common cause of respiratory ailments
Answer: Cigarette smoke
,●● Nursing care of a patient experiencing upper respiratory system
disorders
Answer: maintaining a patent airway to allow adequate ventilation and
oxygenation.
Along with a focused respiratory assessment, the nurse will utilize
information obtained from the patient and family during the admission
history interview. Information regarding the patient's history of upper
respiratory disorders, smoking, and environmental exposures will be
utilized to determine the necessary testing and treatment
●● Normal Changes in Aging Adults
Answer: Alveoli function decreases
Ability to cough decreases
Lungs loose residual volume, vital capacity and gas exchange decreases.
Respiratory muscles atrophy
Vascular resistance increases, capillary flow decreases
Susceptibility to infection increases.
●● The turbinates
Answer: three bones that protrude into the nasal cavities from the
internal portion of the nose
increase the total surface area for filtering, warming, and humidifying
inspired air before it passes into the nasopharynx.
,●● The paranasal sinuses
Answer: air-filled cavities within the bones that surround the nasal
passages
Lined with ciliated membrane, the sinuses provide resonance to speech,
decrease the weight of the skull, and act as shock absorbers in the event
of facial trauma..
●● Fremitus refers to vibratory tremors that can be felt through the chest
by palpation, Increased fremitus may indicate
Answer: compression or consolidation of lung tissue, as occurs in
pneumonia.
●● Lung sounds
Answer: Bronchial
Bronchovesicular
Vesicular
●● Adventitious sounds
Answer: Crackles
Wheezes
Rhonchus
Pleural friction rub
, ●● Other Indicators of Respiratory Adequacy
Answer: Cyanosis, decreased capillary refill, clubbing of nails in fingers,
level of consciousness, Chest Circumference, Anxiety, Dyspnea
Orthopnea, General Appearance
●● Diagnostic Assessment of lungs
Answer: Laboratory assessment
- RBC
- ABG- is a blood gas and this tells us the acid base balance of the
patient
- Sputum- can tell us if microorganisms are growing in the lung -
describe color, clarity, and any odor
Imaging assessment
- x-rays-Xrays show us areas of opaque which usually indicate
pneumonia/consolidation of fluid
-CT- computed tomography. Lung nodules, areas of fluid buildup
Other noninvasive diagnostic assessments
- Pulse oximetry-circulating O2- tells us oxygen levels in the tissues-
usually fingers, toes, or earlobes
COMPLETE SOLUTION AND REVIEW
MATERIAL
●● if a patient's lung are not functioning very well and they are unable
to remove or blow off CO2 very well, the CO2 will build up in their
system becoming
Answer: acidic, respiratory acidosis
●● Perfusion
Answer: is adequate arterial blood flow through the peripheral tissues
(peripheral perfusion) and blood that is pumped by the heart to
oxygenate major body organs (central perfusion)
●● upper respiratory tract
Answer: nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx
●● Lower respiratory tract
Answer: Lungs,Trachea, two mainstem bronchi, lobar, segmental, and
subsegmental bronchi; bronchioles; alveolar ducts; alveoli
●● common cause of respiratory ailments
Answer: Cigarette smoke
,●● Nursing care of a patient experiencing upper respiratory system
disorders
Answer: maintaining a patent airway to allow adequate ventilation and
oxygenation.
Along with a focused respiratory assessment, the nurse will utilize
information obtained from the patient and family during the admission
history interview. Information regarding the patient's history of upper
respiratory disorders, smoking, and environmental exposures will be
utilized to determine the necessary testing and treatment
●● Normal Changes in Aging Adults
Answer: Alveoli function decreases
Ability to cough decreases
Lungs loose residual volume, vital capacity and gas exchange decreases.
Respiratory muscles atrophy
Vascular resistance increases, capillary flow decreases
Susceptibility to infection increases.
●● The turbinates
Answer: three bones that protrude into the nasal cavities from the
internal portion of the nose
increase the total surface area for filtering, warming, and humidifying
inspired air before it passes into the nasopharynx.
,●● The paranasal sinuses
Answer: air-filled cavities within the bones that surround the nasal
passages
Lined with ciliated membrane, the sinuses provide resonance to speech,
decrease the weight of the skull, and act as shock absorbers in the event
of facial trauma..
●● Fremitus refers to vibratory tremors that can be felt through the chest
by palpation, Increased fremitus may indicate
Answer: compression or consolidation of lung tissue, as occurs in
pneumonia.
●● Lung sounds
Answer: Bronchial
Bronchovesicular
Vesicular
●● Adventitious sounds
Answer: Crackles
Wheezes
Rhonchus
Pleural friction rub
, ●● Other Indicators of Respiratory Adequacy
Answer: Cyanosis, decreased capillary refill, clubbing of nails in fingers,
level of consciousness, Chest Circumference, Anxiety, Dyspnea
Orthopnea, General Appearance
●● Diagnostic Assessment of lungs
Answer: Laboratory assessment
- RBC
- ABG- is a blood gas and this tells us the acid base balance of the
patient
- Sputum- can tell us if microorganisms are growing in the lung -
describe color, clarity, and any odor
Imaging assessment
- x-rays-Xrays show us areas of opaque which usually indicate
pneumonia/consolidation of fluid
-CT- computed tomography. Lung nodules, areas of fluid buildup
Other noninvasive diagnostic assessments
- Pulse oximetry-circulating O2- tells us oxygen levels in the tissues-
usually fingers, toes, or earlobes
