NUR 265 Exam 1 | Questions and
Answers | 2026 Update | 100%
Correct - Galen College of
Nursing.
Renal Disorders (Acute Kidney Injury, CKD, Nephrotic Syndrome)
Q1. The nurse provides discharge instructions to a client newly
diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which client statement indicates
correct understanding?
A) "I must decrease my intake of foods high in potassium."
B) "I should take all prescribed antibiotics until they are gone."
C) "I must protect myself from developing an infection."
D) "I should avoid using any type of salt substitute on my food."
Correct ,,,,answer,,,: C
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome involves loss of immunoglobulins in the
urine, increasing infection risk. Teaching focuses on infection prevention
(hand hygiene, avoid crowds). Statement C reflects correct
understanding .
Q2. The nurse reviews lab results of assigned clients. It is a priority to
follow up with the primary health care provider for which client?
A) A client with a mitral valve replacement on warfarin with an INR of 3.2.
B) A client receiving enoxaparin post-cardiac surgery with a platelet
,decrease from 200,000 to 175,000.
C) A client 2 days post-abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair with
creatinine increase from 0.9 to 2.5 mg/dL.
D) A client receiving digoxin with a BUN increase from 15 to 19 mg/dL.
Correct ,,,,answer,,,: C
Rationale: A rapid rise in creatinine post-AAA repair suggests Acute Kidney
Injury (AKI) from reduced renal perfusion during surgery. This requires
immediate intervention to prevent permanent damage .
Q3. The nurse cares for a client hospitalized for 8 days with Acute
Kidney Injury (AKI) caused by dehydration. Which finding requires
immediate notification of the provider?
A) Serum potassium level of 5.0 mEq/L
B) A rhythm strip reading with tall, peaked T waves
C) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 25 mg/dL
D) Urine output of 35 mL/hr for 2 hours
Correct ,,,,answer,,,: B
Rationale: Tall, peaked T waves are an ECG hallmark of severe
hyperkalemia, a life-threatening complication of AKI. This finding requires
immediate intervention (calcium gluconate, insulin, kayexalate) .
Q4. The nurse cares for a client receiving gentamicin IV for infection
who develops oliguria and increased blood pressure. What is the
nurse's first action?
A) Obtain a prescription for gentamicin peak and trough levels.
B) Document the findings as expected side effects.
C) Increase the IV fluid rate.
D) Administer a prescribed antihypertensive.
Correct ,,,,answer,,,: A
Rationale: Gentamicin is nephrotoxic. Oliguria and hypertension suggest
,drug-induced Acute Kidney Injury. Peak and trough levels assess toxicity
and guide dosing adjustments .
Q5. The nurse cares for a client with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
reporting muscle weakness, diarrhea, and tingling in the hands. Which
action should the nurse take first?
A) Notify the provider of possible hypoglycemia.
B) Check the client's most recent serum electrolyte levels.
C) Prepare to administer IV calcium gluconate.
D) Restrict the client's fluids immediately.
Correct ,,,,answer,,,: B
Rationale: Muscle weakness, diarrhea, and paresthesia are symptoms of
electrolyte imbalances (hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia). Checking labs is
the priority to confirm the abnormality before treatment .
Q6. A client with CKD on hemodialysis 3 times weekly tells the nurse, "I
try and limit my intake of dietary sodium to 5 grams per day." How
should the nurse respond?
A) "That is an appropriate goal for your condition."
B) "You should actually restrict sodium to 2-4 grams per day."
C) "Sodium restriction is only necessary if you have edema."
D) "You can eat as much sodium as you want because dialysis removes
it."
Correct ,,,,answer,,,: B
*Rationale: Recommended sodium intake for hemodialysis clients is 2-4
grams/day to manage hypertension and fluid balance. Five grams exceeds
this limit and requires teaching reinforcement .*
Q7. The nurse teaches a client in late-stage CKD. Which client
statement indicates correct understanding?
A) "I can expect to have an increase in my energy level after a dialysis
, treatment."
B) "I should obtain much of my protein from dairy products and eggs."
C) "If I develop any fatigue or weakness, I should report it to my doctor."
D) "Hemodialysis will be performed 2 times per week in an outpatient
center."
Correct ,,,,answer,,,: C
Rationale: Fatigue and weakness in CKD can indicate worsening anemia,
electrolyte imbalances, or inadequate dialysis. Reporting these symptoms
allows for timely intervention .
Q8. The nurse cares for a client who just returned from hemodialysis.
Which finding requires immediate follow-up?
A) Blood pressure of 90/58 mm Hg
B) Potassium level decreased from 6.1 to 5.1 mEq/L
C) Reports of feeling tired and no desire to eat
D) Temperature of 99.4°F
Correct ,,,,answer,,,: A
Rationale: Hypotension post-dialysis indicates hypovolemia from rapid
fluid removal, risking access clotting or organ hypoperfusion. The nurse
must assess and intervene .
Q9. Which action should the nurse take when caring for assigned
clients with renal issues?
A) Walk a client to the bathroom during the peritoneal dialysis (PD)
infusion cycle.
B) Place a mask on a client when changing the PD catheter dressing.
C) Apply a pressure dressing on a client's arteriovenous (AV) fistula
between hemodialysis treatments.
D) Obtain a blood specimen from a client's AV fistula.
Answers | 2026 Update | 100%
Correct - Galen College of
Nursing.
Renal Disorders (Acute Kidney Injury, CKD, Nephrotic Syndrome)
Q1. The nurse provides discharge instructions to a client newly
diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which client statement indicates
correct understanding?
A) "I must decrease my intake of foods high in potassium."
B) "I should take all prescribed antibiotics until they are gone."
C) "I must protect myself from developing an infection."
D) "I should avoid using any type of salt substitute on my food."
Correct ,,,,answer,,,: C
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome involves loss of immunoglobulins in the
urine, increasing infection risk. Teaching focuses on infection prevention
(hand hygiene, avoid crowds). Statement C reflects correct
understanding .
Q2. The nurse reviews lab results of assigned clients. It is a priority to
follow up with the primary health care provider for which client?
A) A client with a mitral valve replacement on warfarin with an INR of 3.2.
B) A client receiving enoxaparin post-cardiac surgery with a platelet
,decrease from 200,000 to 175,000.
C) A client 2 days post-abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair with
creatinine increase from 0.9 to 2.5 mg/dL.
D) A client receiving digoxin with a BUN increase from 15 to 19 mg/dL.
Correct ,,,,answer,,,: C
Rationale: A rapid rise in creatinine post-AAA repair suggests Acute Kidney
Injury (AKI) from reduced renal perfusion during surgery. This requires
immediate intervention to prevent permanent damage .
Q3. The nurse cares for a client hospitalized for 8 days with Acute
Kidney Injury (AKI) caused by dehydration. Which finding requires
immediate notification of the provider?
A) Serum potassium level of 5.0 mEq/L
B) A rhythm strip reading with tall, peaked T waves
C) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 25 mg/dL
D) Urine output of 35 mL/hr for 2 hours
Correct ,,,,answer,,,: B
Rationale: Tall, peaked T waves are an ECG hallmark of severe
hyperkalemia, a life-threatening complication of AKI. This finding requires
immediate intervention (calcium gluconate, insulin, kayexalate) .
Q4. The nurse cares for a client receiving gentamicin IV for infection
who develops oliguria and increased blood pressure. What is the
nurse's first action?
A) Obtain a prescription for gentamicin peak and trough levels.
B) Document the findings as expected side effects.
C) Increase the IV fluid rate.
D) Administer a prescribed antihypertensive.
Correct ,,,,answer,,,: A
Rationale: Gentamicin is nephrotoxic. Oliguria and hypertension suggest
,drug-induced Acute Kidney Injury. Peak and trough levels assess toxicity
and guide dosing adjustments .
Q5. The nurse cares for a client with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
reporting muscle weakness, diarrhea, and tingling in the hands. Which
action should the nurse take first?
A) Notify the provider of possible hypoglycemia.
B) Check the client's most recent serum electrolyte levels.
C) Prepare to administer IV calcium gluconate.
D) Restrict the client's fluids immediately.
Correct ,,,,answer,,,: B
Rationale: Muscle weakness, diarrhea, and paresthesia are symptoms of
electrolyte imbalances (hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia). Checking labs is
the priority to confirm the abnormality before treatment .
Q6. A client with CKD on hemodialysis 3 times weekly tells the nurse, "I
try and limit my intake of dietary sodium to 5 grams per day." How
should the nurse respond?
A) "That is an appropriate goal for your condition."
B) "You should actually restrict sodium to 2-4 grams per day."
C) "Sodium restriction is only necessary if you have edema."
D) "You can eat as much sodium as you want because dialysis removes
it."
Correct ,,,,answer,,,: B
*Rationale: Recommended sodium intake for hemodialysis clients is 2-4
grams/day to manage hypertension and fluid balance. Five grams exceeds
this limit and requires teaching reinforcement .*
Q7. The nurse teaches a client in late-stage CKD. Which client
statement indicates correct understanding?
A) "I can expect to have an increase in my energy level after a dialysis
, treatment."
B) "I should obtain much of my protein from dairy products and eggs."
C) "If I develop any fatigue or weakness, I should report it to my doctor."
D) "Hemodialysis will be performed 2 times per week in an outpatient
center."
Correct ,,,,answer,,,: C
Rationale: Fatigue and weakness in CKD can indicate worsening anemia,
electrolyte imbalances, or inadequate dialysis. Reporting these symptoms
allows for timely intervention .
Q8. The nurse cares for a client who just returned from hemodialysis.
Which finding requires immediate follow-up?
A) Blood pressure of 90/58 mm Hg
B) Potassium level decreased from 6.1 to 5.1 mEq/L
C) Reports of feeling tired and no desire to eat
D) Temperature of 99.4°F
Correct ,,,,answer,,,: A
Rationale: Hypotension post-dialysis indicates hypovolemia from rapid
fluid removal, risking access clotting or organ hypoperfusion. The nurse
must assess and intervene .
Q9. Which action should the nurse take when caring for assigned
clients with renal issues?
A) Walk a client to the bathroom during the peritoneal dialysis (PD)
infusion cycle.
B) Place a mask on a client when changing the PD catheter dressing.
C) Apply a pressure dressing on a client's arteriovenous (AV) fistula
between hemodialysis treatments.
D) Obtain a blood specimen from a client's AV fistula.
