ETS SLP Praxis (Form 1-3)
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1. As part of a routine preschool screening, an SLPS L P tests a 4 year
old whose speech is characterized by sound omissions, hypernasality, nasal
emission, and weak consonants. Which of the following would be most appro-
priately evaluated initially?
A.Oral-motor behavior
B.Velopharyngeal function
C.Laryngeal function
D.Phonological awareness: Option (B) is correct. The characteristics described
are consistent with a resonance disorder, hence velopharyngeal function would be
evaluated initially.
2. Which of the following is the minimal contrast approach most appropriately
used to treat?
A.Phonological disorders
B.Dysphagia
C.Dysarthria
D.Global aphasia: Option (A) is correct. Minimal contrast approach was one of the
first approaches designed to adhere to phonological principles of intervention.
3. Alicia is a fourth-grade student with a language impairment that interferes
with her academic performance and social communication. On a standardized
test of expressive language ability, she received an overall score of 97.5,
placing her in the 65thsixty fifth percentile. Alicia's test result indicates that
she
A.performed as well as or better than 65% of the individuals on whom the
norms were developed
B.responded correctly to 65% of the 150 items included in the expressive-lan-
guage test
C.performed as well as or better than 65% of the other fourth graders who took
the same test
D.responded correctly to 97.5% of the test items, as did 65% of the other
children taking the test: Option (A) is correct. Percentile rank is the percentage
of the scores within the norm range that are equal to or lower than the score gained
by the student.
4. Which THREE of the following variables are considered risk factors for late
language emergence?
A.Male gender
, ETS SLP Praxis (Form 1-3)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ghsgib
B.Access to print material
C.Low socioeconomic status
D.Moderately low birth weight
E.Exposure to rich and varied vocabulary: Options (A), (C), and (D) are correct.
Being of male gender is a risk factor cited by both ASHAA S H A and researchers for
late-talking toddlers. Having a low SESS E S is considered a risk factor by ASHAA
S H A and researchers for late talking. Finally low birth weight is a risk factor as well.
5. During a trip to the grocery store, a three-year-old boy with delayed lan-
guage points to an apple on the floor and says to his mother, "Apple." The
boy's mother says, "Yes, that's a big, shiny apple."
Based on the mother's response, which of the following language stimulation
techniques is she using?
A.Imitation
B.Parallel talk
C.Think aloud
D.Expansion: Option (D) is correct. Expansion is a method that entails providing
a subject a more complex speech model but does not directly stimulate another
response from the subject.
6. An SLPS L P works with a 4-year-old patient diagnosed with autism spec-
trum disorder. The patient is nonverbal, does not have a functional communi-
cation system, and does not follow simple directions. Which of the following
communicative target goals is most appropriate for the SLPS L P to prioritize
for the patient?
A.Matching identical pictures in an array of pictures
B.Requesting wants in any modality
C.Labeling of common items verbally
D.Imitating a sequence of two actions: Option (B) is correct. Requests (mands)
are very important for the early development of language and for day-to-day verbal
interactions with others. Requests (mands) are usually the first type of communica-
tion acquired by an infant.
7. A 75-year-old patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary dis-
ease underwent a three-vessel coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The pa-
tient needed to be intubated for three days following surgery. After extubation,
the medical team requested a swallow consultation to determine if it was safe
for the patient to take oral medications and initiate oral nutrition. Based on
the patient's condition, which of the following assessment procedures is most
, ETS SLP Praxis (Form 1-3)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ghsgib
appropriate for an SLPS L P to practice?
A.Administering a clinical bedside swallow evaluation and recommending an
oral diet as there were no clinical signs or symptoms of aspiration during the
evaluation
B.Deferring the evaluation for 24 hours because the patient was just extubated
to allow a possible improvement in the patient's swallow function before
evaluation
C.Completing a clinical bedside swallow evaluation to determine patient readi-
ness for an instrumen: Option (C) is correct. Several studies using instrumental
assessment have concluded that some patients recover airway protection and
swallow function within 24 hours of extubation and others much later than 24
hours post-extubation following prolonged endotracheal intubation, suggesting that
a 24-hour "deferral time" benchmark is not particularly useful.
8. Which of the following procedures is most important for an SLPS L P to
consider when assessing the social aspect of a school-age child's communi-
cation skills?
A.Collecting a language sample to assess narrative skills
B.Assessing expressive vocabulary used by the child on a picture vocabulary
test
C.Observing the child interacting with peers in natural settings, such as during
recess
D.Looking for a discrepancy between the child's IQI Q and communication
skills to determine eligibility: Option (C) is correct. Informal observation of a
student in a natural setting is part of a comprehensive assessment. A determination
of eligibility for SLPS L P services in a school must be made from more than one
source and should include authentic assessment in an informal setting.
9. A study is conducted to determine how well a dysphagia screening test
predicts aspiration that is later confirmed with a videofluoroscopic swallow
study (VFSSV F S S). The study results are presented in the table below.
VFSSV F S S Results
Aspiration No Aspiration
Dysphagia screen results Failed screen 45 20
Passed screen 5 30
Which THREE of the following statements about this dysphagia screening test
are true?
, ETS SLP Praxis (Form 1-3)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ghsgib
A.The screening test's sensitivity is 90%
B.The screening test's sensitivity is 69%
C.The screening test's specificity is 90%
D.The screening test's specificity is 60%
E.The number of false negatives was 5
F.The number of false negatives was 20: Options (A), (D), and (E) are correct. The
screening test's sensitivity is the proportion of patients who aspirated and failed the
screen (top cell in the first column) to the total of all patients who aspirated on the
VFSS (total of the first column); therefore, 45/50 = 0.9045 divided by 50, equals 0.90.
The screening test's specificity is the proportion of patients who did not aspirate and
passed the screen (bottom cell in the second column) to the total of all patients who
did not aspirate on the VFSSV F S S (total of second column); therefore, 30/50 =
0.6030 divided by 50, equals 0.60. False negatives are patients who passed the
screen who actually aspirated on the VFSSV F S S (bottom cell of first column).
10. Which TWO of the following statements about the results of a screening
test are correct?
A.Sensitivity is the proportion of people who fail the screening test who are
aspirators
B.Specificity is the proportion of people who pass the screening test who are
aspirators
C.Sensitivity is the proportion of people who pass the screening test who are
not aspirators
D.Specificity is the proportion of people who pass the screening test who are
not aspirators: Options (A) and (D) are correct. The screening test's sensitivity is
the proportion of patients who aspirated and failed the screen (top cell in the first
column) to the total of all patients who aspirated (total of the first column). The
screening test's specificity is the proportion of patients who did not aspirate and
passed the screen (bottom cell in the second column) to the total of all patients who
did not aspirate on the VFSSV F S S (total of second column).
11. During a speech-language evaluation at a preschool, a child has difficulty
with receptive language tasks and responds with only one-word utterances
to expressive language items. The child's eye contact is poor throughout the
session. When observed with the other children in class, the child does not
engage with peers but prefers self-stimulating behaviors such as flapping
arms and throwing papers up in the air. According to the child's teacher,
these are typical behaviors for the child. Given the data obtained, which of
the following steps is most appropriate for the SLPS L P to take next?
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ghsgib
1. As part of a routine preschool screening, an SLPS L P tests a 4 year
old whose speech is characterized by sound omissions, hypernasality, nasal
emission, and weak consonants. Which of the following would be most appro-
priately evaluated initially?
A.Oral-motor behavior
B.Velopharyngeal function
C.Laryngeal function
D.Phonological awareness: Option (B) is correct. The characteristics described
are consistent with a resonance disorder, hence velopharyngeal function would be
evaluated initially.
2. Which of the following is the minimal contrast approach most appropriately
used to treat?
A.Phonological disorders
B.Dysphagia
C.Dysarthria
D.Global aphasia: Option (A) is correct. Minimal contrast approach was one of the
first approaches designed to adhere to phonological principles of intervention.
3. Alicia is a fourth-grade student with a language impairment that interferes
with her academic performance and social communication. On a standardized
test of expressive language ability, she received an overall score of 97.5,
placing her in the 65thsixty fifth percentile. Alicia's test result indicates that
she
A.performed as well as or better than 65% of the individuals on whom the
norms were developed
B.responded correctly to 65% of the 150 items included in the expressive-lan-
guage test
C.performed as well as or better than 65% of the other fourth graders who took
the same test
D.responded correctly to 97.5% of the test items, as did 65% of the other
children taking the test: Option (A) is correct. Percentile rank is the percentage
of the scores within the norm range that are equal to or lower than the score gained
by the student.
4. Which THREE of the following variables are considered risk factors for late
language emergence?
A.Male gender
, ETS SLP Praxis (Form 1-3)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ghsgib
B.Access to print material
C.Low socioeconomic status
D.Moderately low birth weight
E.Exposure to rich and varied vocabulary: Options (A), (C), and (D) are correct.
Being of male gender is a risk factor cited by both ASHAA S H A and researchers for
late-talking toddlers. Having a low SESS E S is considered a risk factor by ASHAA
S H A and researchers for late talking. Finally low birth weight is a risk factor as well.
5. During a trip to the grocery store, a three-year-old boy with delayed lan-
guage points to an apple on the floor and says to his mother, "Apple." The
boy's mother says, "Yes, that's a big, shiny apple."
Based on the mother's response, which of the following language stimulation
techniques is she using?
A.Imitation
B.Parallel talk
C.Think aloud
D.Expansion: Option (D) is correct. Expansion is a method that entails providing
a subject a more complex speech model but does not directly stimulate another
response from the subject.
6. An SLPS L P works with a 4-year-old patient diagnosed with autism spec-
trum disorder. The patient is nonverbal, does not have a functional communi-
cation system, and does not follow simple directions. Which of the following
communicative target goals is most appropriate for the SLPS L P to prioritize
for the patient?
A.Matching identical pictures in an array of pictures
B.Requesting wants in any modality
C.Labeling of common items verbally
D.Imitating a sequence of two actions: Option (B) is correct. Requests (mands)
are very important for the early development of language and for day-to-day verbal
interactions with others. Requests (mands) are usually the first type of communica-
tion acquired by an infant.
7. A 75-year-old patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary dis-
ease underwent a three-vessel coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The pa-
tient needed to be intubated for three days following surgery. After extubation,
the medical team requested a swallow consultation to determine if it was safe
for the patient to take oral medications and initiate oral nutrition. Based on
the patient's condition, which of the following assessment procedures is most
, ETS SLP Praxis (Form 1-3)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ghsgib
appropriate for an SLPS L P to practice?
A.Administering a clinical bedside swallow evaluation and recommending an
oral diet as there were no clinical signs or symptoms of aspiration during the
evaluation
B.Deferring the evaluation for 24 hours because the patient was just extubated
to allow a possible improvement in the patient's swallow function before
evaluation
C.Completing a clinical bedside swallow evaluation to determine patient readi-
ness for an instrumen: Option (C) is correct. Several studies using instrumental
assessment have concluded that some patients recover airway protection and
swallow function within 24 hours of extubation and others much later than 24
hours post-extubation following prolonged endotracheal intubation, suggesting that
a 24-hour "deferral time" benchmark is not particularly useful.
8. Which of the following procedures is most important for an SLPS L P to
consider when assessing the social aspect of a school-age child's communi-
cation skills?
A.Collecting a language sample to assess narrative skills
B.Assessing expressive vocabulary used by the child on a picture vocabulary
test
C.Observing the child interacting with peers in natural settings, such as during
recess
D.Looking for a discrepancy between the child's IQI Q and communication
skills to determine eligibility: Option (C) is correct. Informal observation of a
student in a natural setting is part of a comprehensive assessment. A determination
of eligibility for SLPS L P services in a school must be made from more than one
source and should include authentic assessment in an informal setting.
9. A study is conducted to determine how well a dysphagia screening test
predicts aspiration that is later confirmed with a videofluoroscopic swallow
study (VFSSV F S S). The study results are presented in the table below.
VFSSV F S S Results
Aspiration No Aspiration
Dysphagia screen results Failed screen 45 20
Passed screen 5 30
Which THREE of the following statements about this dysphagia screening test
are true?
, ETS SLP Praxis (Form 1-3)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ghsgib
A.The screening test's sensitivity is 90%
B.The screening test's sensitivity is 69%
C.The screening test's specificity is 90%
D.The screening test's specificity is 60%
E.The number of false negatives was 5
F.The number of false negatives was 20: Options (A), (D), and (E) are correct. The
screening test's sensitivity is the proportion of patients who aspirated and failed the
screen (top cell in the first column) to the total of all patients who aspirated on the
VFSS (total of the first column); therefore, 45/50 = 0.9045 divided by 50, equals 0.90.
The screening test's specificity is the proportion of patients who did not aspirate and
passed the screen (bottom cell in the second column) to the total of all patients who
did not aspirate on the VFSSV F S S (total of second column); therefore, 30/50 =
0.6030 divided by 50, equals 0.60. False negatives are patients who passed the
screen who actually aspirated on the VFSSV F S S (bottom cell of first column).
10. Which TWO of the following statements about the results of a screening
test are correct?
A.Sensitivity is the proportion of people who fail the screening test who are
aspirators
B.Specificity is the proportion of people who pass the screening test who are
aspirators
C.Sensitivity is the proportion of people who pass the screening test who are
not aspirators
D.Specificity is the proportion of people who pass the screening test who are
not aspirators: Options (A) and (D) are correct. The screening test's sensitivity is
the proportion of patients who aspirated and failed the screen (top cell in the first
column) to the total of all patients who aspirated (total of the first column). The
screening test's specificity is the proportion of patients who did not aspirate and
passed the screen (bottom cell in the second column) to the total of all patients who
did not aspirate on the VFSSV F S S (total of second column).
11. During a speech-language evaluation at a preschool, a child has difficulty
with receptive language tasks and responds with only one-word utterances
to expressive language items. The child's eye contact is poor throughout the
session. When observed with the other children in class, the child does not
engage with peers but prefers self-stimulating behaviors such as flapping
arms and throwing papers up in the air. According to the child's teacher,
these are typical behaviors for the child. Given the data obtained, which of
the following steps is most appropriate for the SLPS L P to take next?
