NSG 4100 – LATEST 2026/2027 UPDATE – ADVANCED
MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING
Where is aldosterone secreted? -ANSWER-adrenal gland
what is hyperaldosteronism called? -ANSWER-Conn's syndrome
Conn's syndrome -ANSWER-increased Na, increased BP, decreased K+
What is hypoaldosteronism called? -ANSWER-Addisons Disease
S/S of Addison's Disease? -ANSWER-decreased Na, decreased BP, increased K+, fatigue,
muscle weakness, dark skin pigmentation, hypotension, hypoglycemia
s/s of Addisonian crisis -ANSWER-decreased LOC, hypotension, flu like symptoms (N/V)- call
DR!!
Tx of addisons/ Addisonian crisis -ANSWER-First- FLUIDS!!! then steroids
Pheochromocytoma -ANSWER-a benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that causes the gland
to produce excess catecholamines
What does pheochromocytoma cause? -ANSWER-fight/ flight response
5 H's of pheochromocytoma -ANSWER-Hypertension (MOST DANGEROUS)
Headache
Hyperhidrosis (excess sweating)
Hypermetabolism
, Hyperglycemia
Treatment of pheochromocytoma -ANSWER-adrenalectomy, elevate HOB 30 degrees, give
alpha adrenergic blockers (SE: hypotension, increased HR, nasal congestion), give beta
blockers (hold if HR below 60)
Hyperthyroidism -ANSWER-high T3 and T4 and low TSH
S/S of hyperthyroidism -ANSWER-wt loss, HTN, anxious, goiter, exophthalmos, heat
intolerance, thin skin
s/s of thyroid storm -ANSWER-fever, restlessness, N/V
tx of hyperthyroidism -ANSWER-thyroidectomy, radioactive iodine
hypothyroidism -ANSWER-low T3 and T4, high TSH
s/s of hypothyroidism -ANSWER-wt gain, constipation, hypotension, depression, decreased
HR, cold intolerance, goiter
tx of hypothyroidism -ANSWER-levothyroxine- MUST take every morning on an empty
stomach for life. must continually have levels checked
where are corticosteroids secreted? -ANSWER-pituitary gland
What is hypercortisolism? -ANSWER-Cushing's syndrome
S/S of Cushing's Syndrome? -ANSWER-moon face, purple striae, hyperglycemia, thin
extremities, large trunk, osteoporosis, thin skin- SAFETY, too much cortisol, fluid retention,
HTN, increased Na, decreased K+
MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING
Where is aldosterone secreted? -ANSWER-adrenal gland
what is hyperaldosteronism called? -ANSWER-Conn's syndrome
Conn's syndrome -ANSWER-increased Na, increased BP, decreased K+
What is hypoaldosteronism called? -ANSWER-Addisons Disease
S/S of Addison's Disease? -ANSWER-decreased Na, decreased BP, increased K+, fatigue,
muscle weakness, dark skin pigmentation, hypotension, hypoglycemia
s/s of Addisonian crisis -ANSWER-decreased LOC, hypotension, flu like symptoms (N/V)- call
DR!!
Tx of addisons/ Addisonian crisis -ANSWER-First- FLUIDS!!! then steroids
Pheochromocytoma -ANSWER-a benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that causes the gland
to produce excess catecholamines
What does pheochromocytoma cause? -ANSWER-fight/ flight response
5 H's of pheochromocytoma -ANSWER-Hypertension (MOST DANGEROUS)
Headache
Hyperhidrosis (excess sweating)
Hypermetabolism
, Hyperglycemia
Treatment of pheochromocytoma -ANSWER-adrenalectomy, elevate HOB 30 degrees, give
alpha adrenergic blockers (SE: hypotension, increased HR, nasal congestion), give beta
blockers (hold if HR below 60)
Hyperthyroidism -ANSWER-high T3 and T4 and low TSH
S/S of hyperthyroidism -ANSWER-wt loss, HTN, anxious, goiter, exophthalmos, heat
intolerance, thin skin
s/s of thyroid storm -ANSWER-fever, restlessness, N/V
tx of hyperthyroidism -ANSWER-thyroidectomy, radioactive iodine
hypothyroidism -ANSWER-low T3 and T4, high TSH
s/s of hypothyroidism -ANSWER-wt gain, constipation, hypotension, depression, decreased
HR, cold intolerance, goiter
tx of hypothyroidism -ANSWER-levothyroxine- MUST take every morning on an empty
stomach for life. must continually have levels checked
where are corticosteroids secreted? -ANSWER-pituitary gland
What is hypercortisolism? -ANSWER-Cushing's syndrome
S/S of Cushing's Syndrome? -ANSWER-moon face, purple striae, hyperglycemia, thin
extremities, large trunk, osteoporosis, thin skin- SAFETY, too much cortisol, fluid retention,
HTN, increased Na, decreased K+
