SPCE 609 Final Exam UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Biophysical Explanations Human behavior is controlled by physical influences
Biochemical Explanations Certain behaviors may result from excesses or deficiencies of various substances
found in the body
Four Requirements for Usefulness of Explanations Inclusive,verifiable, predictive utility, parsimonious
, Inclusiveness Must account of a substantial quantity of behavior
Verifiable Should be able to test in some way that it does account for behavior
Predictive Utility Should provide reliable answers about what people are likely to do under certain
circumstances-change behavior by changing conditions
Parsimonious The simplest explanation that will account for observed phenomena
Developmental Explanations Predictable patterns of development actually occur
Psychoanalytic Theory Progression through certain crucial stages
Stages of psychoanalytic Theory oral, anal, and phallic
Theory of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget
Assimilation Adapt the environment to enhance personal functions
Accommodation Change the behavior to adapt to environment
Equilibration Maintaining a balance between assimilation and accommodation
Behavioral Explanations Human behavior is learned
Positive Reinforcement When a behavior is followed by the addition of a consequence that increases the
future frequency of a behavior
Negative Punishment When a behavior is followed by the removal of a stimulus that decreases the
frequency of a behavior
Punishment A behavior is followed by a consequence that decreases the future rate of that
behavior
Punisher The event/stimulus
Extinction When a previously reinforced behavior is no longer reinforcer and the rate of
occurrence decreases
Stimulus Control When an antecedent causes behavior or serves as a cue for a behavior to occur
Antecedent Stimulus A stimulus that happen before (precedes) a behavior
Modeling Demonstration of behavior
Shaping Uses reinforcement of the successive approximations of a behavior to teach the
desired behavior.
Biophysical Explanations Human behavior is controlled by physical influences
Biochemical Explanations Certain behaviors may result from excesses or deficiencies of various substances
found in the body
Four Requirements for Usefulness of Explanations Inclusive,verifiable, predictive utility, parsimonious
, Inclusiveness Must account of a substantial quantity of behavior
Verifiable Should be able to test in some way that it does account for behavior
Predictive Utility Should provide reliable answers about what people are likely to do under certain
circumstances-change behavior by changing conditions
Parsimonious The simplest explanation that will account for observed phenomena
Developmental Explanations Predictable patterns of development actually occur
Psychoanalytic Theory Progression through certain crucial stages
Stages of psychoanalytic Theory oral, anal, and phallic
Theory of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget
Assimilation Adapt the environment to enhance personal functions
Accommodation Change the behavior to adapt to environment
Equilibration Maintaining a balance between assimilation and accommodation
Behavioral Explanations Human behavior is learned
Positive Reinforcement When a behavior is followed by the addition of a consequence that increases the
future frequency of a behavior
Negative Punishment When a behavior is followed by the removal of a stimulus that decreases the
frequency of a behavior
Punishment A behavior is followed by a consequence that decreases the future rate of that
behavior
Punisher The event/stimulus
Extinction When a previously reinforced behavior is no longer reinforcer and the rate of
occurrence decreases
Stimulus Control When an antecedent causes behavior or serves as a cue for a behavior to occur
Antecedent Stimulus A stimulus that happen before (precedes) a behavior
Modeling Demonstration of behavior
Shaping Uses reinforcement of the successive approximations of a behavior to teach the
desired behavior.
