The ability of a drug to cross a cell membrane is determined by:
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Its ability to pass through single cells
What are the 2 prototype drugs for AD?
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- Cholinesterase Inhibitor: Donepezil (Aricept)
- NMDA Receptor Antagonist: Memantine (Namenda)
How to know if Pyridostigmine (Mestinon) is working for your patient.
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Improvement of s/s
- Inc muscle strength
- Dec fatigue
- Improved breathing/ swallowing
- Pt feedback on ability to perform ADLs
What labs should be monitored in patients taking Lithium (Lithobid)?
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Serum Lithium Levels:
To ensure therapeutic range (0.6–1.2 mEq/L) and prevent toxicity.
Renal Function:
Creatinine and BUN to assess kidney function, as lithium can affect renal
health.
Thyroid Function:
TSH levels to monitor for hypothyroidism, a potential side effect of lithium.
Electrolytes:
Sodium levels to monitor for changes, as lithium levels can increase with
low sodium.
Complete Blood Count (CBC):
To monitor for any changes in blood cell counts, as lithium can affect bone
marrow.
Drugs can exit the body via:
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Urine (majority)
Bile
Sweat
, Saliva
Breast milk
Expired air
What baseline data should be screened for in patients of Asian ancestry before
prescribing Phenytoin?
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HLA*B1502 allele variant
What conditions is Dantrolene used to treat?
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Spasticity due to SCI or CNS conditions; muscle contraction/rididity
associated with malignant hyperthermia
MOA of Venlafaxine (Effexor)
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Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI)
- helps balance 5-HT and NElevels in the brain.
(inhibits the reuptake of 5-HT and NE, increasing their levels to improve
mood and reduce anxiety.)
, What conditions might develop as a result of taking lithium and how are they treated?
What are the side effects and how would you manage them?
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Lithium Toxicity
Symptoms: Tremors, confusion, ataxia, nausea, vomiting.
Management: Immediate medical attention, hydrate, and monitor lithium
levels. If severe, dialysis may be required.
Hypothyroidism
Symptoms: Fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance.
Management: Monitor TSH levels; treat with levothyroxine if
hypothyroidism develops.
Renal Impairment
Symptoms: Decreased urine output, edema.
Management: Regular monitoring of renal function (creatinine, GFR). If
severe, consider dose adjustment or discontinuation.
Diabetes Insipidus (Polyuria/Polydipsia)
Symptoms: Excessive thirst, urination.
Management: Hydration and possible use of a diuretic (e.g., amiloride) to
manage symptoms.
Lithium Side Effects & Management:
Tremors
Management: Lower the dose or add a beta-blocker (e.g., propranolol).
Weight Gain
Management: Encourage diet and exercise, consider a med switch if
severe.
Gastrointestinal Upset
Management: Take with food to reduce nausea. If persistent, consider dose
reduction.
Polyuria/Polydipsia
Management: Ensure adequate hydration, consider amiloride.
Key Points:
Give this one a try later!
Its ability to pass through single cells
What are the 2 prototype drugs for AD?
Give this one a try later!
- Cholinesterase Inhibitor: Donepezil (Aricept)
- NMDA Receptor Antagonist: Memantine (Namenda)
How to know if Pyridostigmine (Mestinon) is working for your patient.
,Give this one a try later!
Improvement of s/s
- Inc muscle strength
- Dec fatigue
- Improved breathing/ swallowing
- Pt feedback on ability to perform ADLs
What labs should be monitored in patients taking Lithium (Lithobid)?
Give this one a try later!
Serum Lithium Levels:
To ensure therapeutic range (0.6–1.2 mEq/L) and prevent toxicity.
Renal Function:
Creatinine and BUN to assess kidney function, as lithium can affect renal
health.
Thyroid Function:
TSH levels to monitor for hypothyroidism, a potential side effect of lithium.
Electrolytes:
Sodium levels to monitor for changes, as lithium levels can increase with
low sodium.
Complete Blood Count (CBC):
To monitor for any changes in blood cell counts, as lithium can affect bone
marrow.
Drugs can exit the body via:
Give this one a try later!
Urine (majority)
Bile
Sweat
, Saliva
Breast milk
Expired air
What baseline data should be screened for in patients of Asian ancestry before
prescribing Phenytoin?
Give this one a try later!
HLA*B1502 allele variant
What conditions is Dantrolene used to treat?
Give this one a try later!
Spasticity due to SCI or CNS conditions; muscle contraction/rididity
associated with malignant hyperthermia
MOA of Venlafaxine (Effexor)
Give this one a try later!
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI)
- helps balance 5-HT and NElevels in the brain.
(inhibits the reuptake of 5-HT and NE, increasing their levels to improve
mood and reduce anxiety.)
, What conditions might develop as a result of taking lithium and how are they treated?
What are the side effects and how would you manage them?
Give this one a try later!
Lithium Toxicity
Symptoms: Tremors, confusion, ataxia, nausea, vomiting.
Management: Immediate medical attention, hydrate, and monitor lithium
levels. If severe, dialysis may be required.
Hypothyroidism
Symptoms: Fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance.
Management: Monitor TSH levels; treat with levothyroxine if
hypothyroidism develops.
Renal Impairment
Symptoms: Decreased urine output, edema.
Management: Regular monitoring of renal function (creatinine, GFR). If
severe, consider dose adjustment or discontinuation.
Diabetes Insipidus (Polyuria/Polydipsia)
Symptoms: Excessive thirst, urination.
Management: Hydration and possible use of a diuretic (e.g., amiloride) to
manage symptoms.
Lithium Side Effects & Management:
Tremors
Management: Lower the dose or add a beta-blocker (e.g., propranolol).
Weight Gain
Management: Encourage diet and exercise, consider a med switch if
severe.
Gastrointestinal Upset
Management: Take with food to reduce nausea. If persistent, consider dose
reduction.
Polyuria/Polydipsia
Management: Ensure adequate hydration, consider amiloride.
Key Points:
