Saunders NCLEX Cardiovascular
Exam Questions & Answers (Grade
A+)
A client admitted to the hospital with chest pain and a history of
type 2 diabetes mellitus is scheduled for cardiac catheterization.
Which medication would need to be withheld for 24 hours before
the procedure and for 48 hours after the procedure?
1.
Glipizide
2.
Metformin
3.
Repaglinide
4.
Regular insulin -
correct answer ✅Metformin
Metformin needs to be withheld 24 hours before and for 48 hours
after cardiac catheterization because of the injection of contrast
medium during the procedure. If the contrast medium affects
kidney function, with metformin in the system the client would be
,Saunders NCLEX Cardiovascular
Exam Questions & Answers (Grade
A+)
at increased risk for lactic acidosis. The medications in the
remaining options do not need to be withheld 24 hours before and
48 hours after cardiac catheterization.
A client who had cardiac surgery 24 hours ago has had a urine
output averaging 20 mL/hour for 2 hours. The client received a
single bolus of 500 mL of intravenous fluid. Urine output for the
subsequent hour was 25 mL. Daily laboratory results indicate that
the blood urea nitrogen level is 45 mg/dL (16 mmol/L) and the
serum creatinine level is 2.2 mg/dL (194 mcmol/L). On the basis of
these findings, the nurse would anticipate that the client is at risk
for which problem?
1.
Hypovolemia
2.
Acute kidney injury
3.
Glomerulonephritis
4.
Urinary tract infection -
correct answer ✅Acute kidney injury
,Saunders NCLEX Cardiovascular
Exam Questions & Answers (Grade
A+)
The client who undergoes cardiac surgery is at risk for renal injury
from poor perfusion, hemolysis, low cardiac output, or vasopressor
medication therapy. Renal injury is signaled by decreased urine
output and increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine
levels. Normal reference levels are BUN, 10-20 mg/dL (3.6-7.1
mmol/L), and creatinine, male, 0.6-1.2 mg/dL (53-106 mcmol/L)
and female 0.5-1.1 mg/dL (44-97 mcmol/L). The client may need
medications to increase renal perfusion and possibly could need
peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis. No data in the question indicate
the presence of hypovolemia, glomerulonephritis, or urinary tract
infection.
The nurse is reviewing an electrocardiogram rhythm strip. The P
waves and QRS complexes are regular. The PR interval is 0.16
seconds, and QRS complexes measure 0.06 seconds. The overall
heart rate is 64 beats/minute. Which action should the nurse take?
1.
Check vital signs.
2.
Check laboratory test results.
, Saunders NCLEX Cardiovascular
Exam Questions & Answers (Grade
A+)
3.
Notify the health care provider.
4.
Continue to monitor for any rhythm change. -
correct answer ✅Continue to monitor for any rhythm change.
Normal sinus rhythm is defined as a regular rhythm, with an overall
rate of 60 to 100 beats/minute. The PR and QRS measurements are
normal, measuring between 0.12 and 0.20 seconds and 0.04 and
0.10 seconds, respectively. There are no irregularities in this rhythm
currently, so there is no immediate need to check vital signs or
laboratory results, or to notify the health care provider. Therefore,
the nurse would continue to monitor the client for any rhythm
change.
A client is wearing a continuous cardiac monitor, which begins to
sound its alarm. The nurse sees no electrocardiographic complexes
on the screen. Which is the priority nursing action?
1.
Call a code.
2.
Exam Questions & Answers (Grade
A+)
A client admitted to the hospital with chest pain and a history of
type 2 diabetes mellitus is scheduled for cardiac catheterization.
Which medication would need to be withheld for 24 hours before
the procedure and for 48 hours after the procedure?
1.
Glipizide
2.
Metformin
3.
Repaglinide
4.
Regular insulin -
correct answer ✅Metformin
Metformin needs to be withheld 24 hours before and for 48 hours
after cardiac catheterization because of the injection of contrast
medium during the procedure. If the contrast medium affects
kidney function, with metformin in the system the client would be
,Saunders NCLEX Cardiovascular
Exam Questions & Answers (Grade
A+)
at increased risk for lactic acidosis. The medications in the
remaining options do not need to be withheld 24 hours before and
48 hours after cardiac catheterization.
A client who had cardiac surgery 24 hours ago has had a urine
output averaging 20 mL/hour for 2 hours. The client received a
single bolus of 500 mL of intravenous fluid. Urine output for the
subsequent hour was 25 mL. Daily laboratory results indicate that
the blood urea nitrogen level is 45 mg/dL (16 mmol/L) and the
serum creatinine level is 2.2 mg/dL (194 mcmol/L). On the basis of
these findings, the nurse would anticipate that the client is at risk
for which problem?
1.
Hypovolemia
2.
Acute kidney injury
3.
Glomerulonephritis
4.
Urinary tract infection -
correct answer ✅Acute kidney injury
,Saunders NCLEX Cardiovascular
Exam Questions & Answers (Grade
A+)
The client who undergoes cardiac surgery is at risk for renal injury
from poor perfusion, hemolysis, low cardiac output, or vasopressor
medication therapy. Renal injury is signaled by decreased urine
output and increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine
levels. Normal reference levels are BUN, 10-20 mg/dL (3.6-7.1
mmol/L), and creatinine, male, 0.6-1.2 mg/dL (53-106 mcmol/L)
and female 0.5-1.1 mg/dL (44-97 mcmol/L). The client may need
medications to increase renal perfusion and possibly could need
peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis. No data in the question indicate
the presence of hypovolemia, glomerulonephritis, or urinary tract
infection.
The nurse is reviewing an electrocardiogram rhythm strip. The P
waves and QRS complexes are regular. The PR interval is 0.16
seconds, and QRS complexes measure 0.06 seconds. The overall
heart rate is 64 beats/minute. Which action should the nurse take?
1.
Check vital signs.
2.
Check laboratory test results.
, Saunders NCLEX Cardiovascular
Exam Questions & Answers (Grade
A+)
3.
Notify the health care provider.
4.
Continue to monitor for any rhythm change. -
correct answer ✅Continue to monitor for any rhythm change.
Normal sinus rhythm is defined as a regular rhythm, with an overall
rate of 60 to 100 beats/minute. The PR and QRS measurements are
normal, measuring between 0.12 and 0.20 seconds and 0.04 and
0.10 seconds, respectively. There are no irregularities in this rhythm
currently, so there is no immediate need to check vital signs or
laboratory results, or to notify the health care provider. Therefore,
the nurse would continue to monitor the client for any rhythm
change.
A client is wearing a continuous cardiac monitor, which begins to
sound its alarm. The nurse sees no electrocardiographic complexes
on the screen. Which is the priority nursing action?
1.
Call a code.
2.
